CREWKERNE. 



CRIMEA. 



630 



the company, the locomotive engines, and the houses in the town. 

 The water intended to be used by the inhabitants passes through two 

 filtering processes before reaching the houses. Baths are also provided 

 at a cheap rate. The town of Crewe has a council for the management 

 of the affairs of the community ; two-thirds of the council are elected 

 by the workmen and inhabitants, and one-third by the directors of the 

 railway company. A church has been erected by the company : the 

 Wesleyan, Primitive, and New Connexion Methodists, Independents, 

 Scotch Presbyterians, Baptists, and Roman Catholics have places of 

 worship. Schools for boys, girls, and infants have been provided by 

 the company, and a library and a mechanics institution are supported 

 by subscription. Medical attendance and medicine are secured for 

 the workmen and their families on payment of a small weekly rate, 

 the highest charge (that for a married man with a family) being 2d. 

 per week. A field in the neighbourhood is used for cricket-playing. 

 The railway station at Crewe is very spacious. From this place 

 branch off five lines of railway, affording ready means of communica- 

 tion with all parts of the country. The Workshops and machinery 

 of the North-Western Railway Company at Crewe are on a very 

 extensive scale. Railway carriages and locomotive engines are manu- 

 factured and repaired. The number of carriages of all kinds maintained 

 at Crewe amounts to about 700, of which 100 at a time are usually 

 tinder repair. Crewe Hall, the seat of Lord Crewe, is in Crewe town- 

 -!ii|i, ibout one mile from the railway station. 



(Head, Stoken and Pokers ; Communication from Crewe.) 



CREWKERXE, Somersetshire, a market-town in the parish and 

 hundred of Crewkerne, is situated in a valley watered by the rivers 

 Parret and Isle, in 50 47' N. lat., 2 47' W. long., distant 46 miles 

 I. by W. from Bristol, and 132 miles S.W. by W. from London. 

 The population of the town in 1851 was 3303. The living is a 

 perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Taunton and diocese of 

 Bath and Wells. 



At the time of the Domesday Survey, Crewkerne belonged to the 

 king ; the name was then written Cruche. The market-house stands 

 in a spacious market-place in the centre of the town. The streets are 

 paved ; the houses are in general well built, and the town is lighted 

 with gas. The parish church is cruciform, and has an embattled 

 tower rising from the intersection of the nave and transepts. The 

 Methodists, Baptists, and Unitarians have places of worship. The Free 

 Grammar school has an endowment of about 300?. a year, and several 

 exhibitions, which are open to the competition of the scholars. The 

 number of scholars in 1851 was 56. There are Day and Infant 

 schools, of which two have small endowments. The principal manu- 

 facture of Crewkerne is that of sail-cloth and sacking ; some dowlas 

 and stockings are also made. The market, chiefly for corn, is on 

 Saturday : a fair is held annually on September 4th. 



CRIC'H, Derbyshire, a town formerly possessing a market, in the 

 parish of Crich, and hundred of Morleston and Litchurch, is situated 

 in 53 5' N. lat., 1 27' W. long.; distant 12 miles N. from Derby, 

 and 126 miles N.N.W. from London by road : Ambergate station of 

 the Midland railway, which is near Crich, is 1424 miles from London. 

 The population of the parish of Crich was 3670 in 1851. 



The town ia built on a lofty limestone hill. The parish church, 

 from its position, is a very conspicuous object : it is an ancient 

 structure, and its lofty spire serves as a landmark for miles around. 

 The Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists and General Baptists have 

 places of worship. There are a National school and a lending library. 

 The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in working lead-mines, in quarrying 

 of limestone, and in burning it to lime. Frame-work knitting is 

 carried on in dwelling-houses. Attempts have been made on several 

 occasions to revive the market formerly held at Crich, but these 

 attempts were unsuccessful. Two fairs for cattle and pedlery are 

 held in the course of the year. From Crich Cliff are obtained views 

 of scenery of surprising extent and varied beauty. 



(Land We Live In, vol. iii. ; Communication from Crich.) 



CRICKHOWELL, Brecknockshire, a market-town, and the seat 

 of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish and hundred of Crickhowell, is 

 picturesquely situated on the river Usk, in 51 52' N. lat., 3 8' 

 W. long. ; distant 13 miles S.E. from Brecknock, and 157 miles W. 

 by N. from London. The population of the parish of Crickhowell 

 in 1851 was 1403. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of 

 Brecon and diocese of St. David's. Crickhowell Poor-Law Union 

 contains 10 parishes and townships, with an area of 44,198 acres, 

 and a population in 1851 of 21,674. 



Crickhowell is nominally a borough. The parish church is of early 

 English style, erected about the 14th century ; the side aisles are 

 i n. The Wesleyan Methodists, Welsh CalvinUtic Methodists 

 and Baptists have places of worship. There are three parochial 

 church schools, a dispensary, and a savings bank. A county court 

 and petty Bemions are held in the town. The town-hall has under- 

 neath it the market-house. The market-day is Thursday ; five fairs 

 are held in the course of the year. 



khowell is much resorted to by tourists in the summer. In 

 the upper part of the town is a fine gatehouse of the time of 

 Henry VII. There are nome remains of Crickhowell Castle, erected 

 by Edward I. In the neighbourhood are Llangattock Park, a 

 residence of the Duke of Beaufort, and Qlanash Park, the seat of J. 

 Bailey, Esq., M. P. Druidical remains tave been found near the 



town. A cairn was recently discovered at Llangattock Park, in 

 which were found human bones and charcoal, also several coins of 

 the reign of Constantine. 



(Communication from Crickhowell.) 



CRICKLADE, Wiltshire, a parliamentary borough, formerly a 

 market-town, and conjointly with Wootton Bassett the seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union, is situated in a level tract of country on the right 

 bank of the Thames, in 51 38' N. lat., 1 50' W. long.; distant 

 26 miles N. by E. from Devizes, 84 miles W. by N. from London. 

 The population of the parish of St. Mary in 1851 was 431, that of 

 St. Sampson was 1475 ; the population of the parliamentary borough 

 (which includes a large agricultural district) was 35,503. The borough 

 returns two members to the Imperial Parliament. The livings, a 

 vicarage and a rectory, are in the archdeaconry of Bristol and 

 diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. Cricklade and Wootton Bassett 

 Poor-Law Union contains 14 parishes and townships, with an area 

 of 44,348 acres, and a population in 1851 of 11,406. 



Cricklade appears to be a place of considerable antiquity. The 

 ford over the Thames was often contested in the Saxon times. In 

 the year 905 the town was plundered by the Danes, and Canute in 

 1016 crossed the river here with his army. A priory was founded 

 here in the reign of Henry III. The hospital, supposed to have 

 belonged to the priory, now affords dwellings for the poor. The 

 parish church of St. Mary is ancient ; some portions are of Norman 

 architecture; a gothic cross with canopied niches stands in the 

 churchyard. The church of St. Sampson's parish is a spacious 

 cruciform edifice. It has a lofty embattled tower surmounted with 

 pinnacles, and highly ornamented with niches and pedestals. Three 

 chapels for Dissenters are in the town ; and two National schools are 

 supported by voluntary contributions. There are several parochial 

 charities. A weekly market formerly held on Saturday has long 

 been discontinued : a market for cattle held on the third Tuesday of 

 every month is Well attended. Petty sessions are held. Cricklade 

 has sent representatives to Parliament since the reign of Edward I. 

 The Thames and Severn Canal passes near the town, and a branch 

 canal passes through it, forming a junction at Swindon with the 

 Wilts and Berkshire Canal. 



(Hoare. Wiltshire; Communication, from Cricklade.) 



CRIEFF, Perthshire, Scotland, a manufacturing town beautifully 

 situated near the left bank of the river Earn, in 56 23' N. Ht, 

 3 48' W. long. ; distant 17 miles W. from Perth, and 50 miles N.W. 

 from Edinburgh. The population of the town in 1851 was 3824. 



Crieff is built on a rising ground at the foot of the Grampians, 

 and is much resorted to in summer by invalids for its mild climate. 

 The houses are in general well built. There are two churches of the 

 Establishment, and chapels for United Presbyterians, the Free Church, 

 Scottish Episcopalians, English Episcopalians, and Roman Catholics. 

 The town is well supplied with water, and lighted with gas. The town- 

 house, in which is the jail, has a spire. There are a savings bank, 

 a subscription reading-room, three public libraries, a mechanics 

 institution, a Freemasons-hall and a Weavers-hall. Several fairs are held 

 at Crieff in the course of the year. In addition to the parish school 

 there is an academy called Taylor's Institution, endowed by Mr. 

 Taylor of Cornton, and founded about ten years ago. 



A curious old cross stands near the town-house. Cotton goods 

 and a slight linen fabric called Silesias are manufactured at Crieff. 

 A considerable number of the Inhabitants are weavers for Glasgow 

 manufacturers. There are a Woollen-mill and a tan-works. Tambour- 

 working and other similar occupations are pursued by the females. 

 Over the river Earn is a handsome bridge of four arches, which 

 connects Crieff with the village of Bridgend. In the vicinity of 

 Crieff is Glen Almond, the strath or vale of the Almond, much 

 admired for its scenery. Trinity college, in connection with the 

 Scottish Episcopal Church, and under the management of its prelates, 

 was opened in Glen Almond in 1847. There are a public school 

 department and a theological students department. In 1852 there 

 were 12 students in the theological classes, and 63 scholars in the 

 public school. Various bursaries or exhibitions have been founded 

 for the students. The extensive parks of Drummond Castle and 

 Ochtertyre are within view of the town. 



(New Statistical Account of Scotland ; Communication from Crieff.) 



CRIMEA, or KRIM TART ART, the ancient Taurica Chersonesus, 

 a peninsula in the south of European Russia, lies between 44 20' and 

 46 10' N. lat., 32 40' and 36 30' E. long., and forms the southern 

 part of the government of Taurida. The peninsula of Crimea forms a 

 quadrilateral figure, the sides of which are respectively directed to 

 the north-east, north-west, south-west, and south-east, and the angles 

 to the cardinal points. At the northern angle it is connected 

 with the continent by the isthmus of Perekop, which is about 

 twenty miles in length. From the eastern point a small peninsula 

 stretches out between the Sea of Azof and the Black Sea, terminating 

 on the west shore of the Strait of Yenikale". On three sides the Crimea 

 is inclosed by the Black Sea ; on the north-east it is washed by the 

 Sea of Azof. Its area may be about 8600 square miles. At Perekop 

 (called Or Kapi by the Tartars), at the northern end of the isthmus, 

 there still remains a strong rampart erected by the Turks, which 

 extends from the Black Sea to the Siwash or Putrid Sea, an arm of 

 the Sea of Azof. It consists of a deep trench about 12 fathoms wide 



