.: 



. IT. A. 



CUDDALORE. 



<m 



goods, 38,5251 ; hosiery, 38,1001. ; silks, 19,1681. ; machinery, 79,2902.; 

 iron and steel (unwrought), 68,8261 ; hardware and cutlery, 57,233'. ; 

 bra** and copper manufacture*, 27,2437. ; earthenware, 23,2551. ; coal, 

 80.035/ ; beer and ale, 14,3491. The chief export* to Great Britein 

 in 1851 were: Sugar, 830,385 cwU ; molasses, 222,177 owt*. ; rum, 

 51,096 gallons; tobacco (unmanufactured), 472,769 Ibs. ; manufactured 

 tobacco and cigars, 278,505 Ibs. 



HAVANXA is by far the moat important commercial town. Matan- 

 XM, Santiago, and some other place* also carry on a considerable export 

 and import trade. 



Cuba, as we have already mentioned, has no manufactures besides 

 those of cigar* and sugar, which are carried on upon an extremely 

 large scale, and of rum, which i* prepared only to a limited extent 

 The Cuba cigar*, and especially those of Havanna, have as is well 

 known the highest value in the market, and the manufacture employs 

 a very large number of hand*. We do not however possess any 

 reliable detail* of recent date. 



Dirinont, Tomu, <tc. The island is divided into three inteudencias, 

 the title* of which sufficiently indicate their relative positions ; they 

 are as follows (the population of the towns is that of 1841) : 



1. The Western Intendencia comprises an area of above 10,300 

 square miles, and contains numerous tobacco, sugar, and coffee planta- 

 tion*, and a great deal of pasture land, on which large quantities of 

 cattle are reared. Besides the capital, HAVANNA, it contains the 

 towns of (inanaliaroa, on the other side of the Cay on which Havanna 

 is built, with about 9000 inhabitants ; and Malamat, or San Carlot de 

 Matamat, which contained 18,991 inhabitant*. vtanit fc next to 

 Havanna the most important commercial town in the island. The 

 town is well built and the harbour is well sheltered. The sugar 

 exported from Matanzas average* nearly 4 million dollars in value. 

 Molasses, rum, brandy, and coffee are also exported. To this inten- 

 dencia belongs the /tla de lot Pinot, 900 square miles in extent, with 

 a mountain on it rising to more than 3000 feet high. It contains from 

 200 to 300 inhabitant* ; fine forest*, in which much mahogany is cut ; 

 and valuable marble quarries. 



2. The Central Intendencia lias an area of upwards of 17,100 

 square mile*, has many plantations of sugar and coffee, and breeds 

 large herds of cattle. It is the most fertile portion of the island, 

 especially about Santo Espiritu, and has greatly increased in population 

 and agriculture since the ports have been opened to foreign commerce. 

 The most populous place* are inland, namely, Santa Clara, with 6132 

 inhabitant*, and Santo Etpiritu, with 9484 inhabitant*. The capital, 

 Santa Maria de Puerto Principe, population 24,034, is also at some 

 distance from the shore, but carries on a considerable commerce by 

 means of it* port Nuevita*. It is the seat of the supreme court of 

 justice for all the Spanish colonies in America, There are besides, 

 on the northern coast the harbour of San Juan de lot Remedial, with 

 4313 inhabitant*; and on the southern Trinidad de Cuba, with 12,718 

 inhabitant*, and Fentandina de Xagua. 



3. The Eastern Intendencia has an area of above 14,800 square 

 miles: it has a large number of coffee and sugar plantations, but 

 breed* much fewer cattle than either of the other intendencia*. 

 Santiago de Cuba, the ancient capital, has a good harbour and 24,753 

 inhabitants. The town is well built, the houses are chiefly of stone, 

 and the streets are wide. It is the seat of the archbishop and of the 

 governor and authorities of the intendencia, and contains a cathedral, 

 several churches, convent* and schools, a college, and an hospital ; 

 but the public buildings, a* well as the dwelling-house*, were greatly 

 injured by a severe earthquake which occurred August 20, 1852 and 

 several succeeding days. There are also three other harbours, which 

 are much frequented by vessels : MontaniUo, north-oast of the Cabo 

 de Crux, population 3299; Jlaracoa, population 2605, near Cabo 

 Mayri, from which a comiderable quantity of tobacco is exported ; 

 and (l&ara, farther west Gibara is the port of Holguin, a small 

 town in the interior. 



Crofenmml, Lawt, te. The civil and military government of the 

 island, subject of course to the authorities in Spain, i* entrusted to a 

 captain-general. In civil matters however the eastern and central 

 intendeucia* an presided over by governors, who are nearly inde- 

 pendent of the captain-general, whose civil jurisdiction i* mainly 

 confined to the western intendencia. There an also military chiefs 

 of the three intendencia*, but they are directly subordinate to the 

 - T*o*ral. Th* law* are administered by a royal court (' real 

 a'), which ha* th* luperior jurisdiction in all civil and 

 I caw* ; by provincial ' ayuntamientos ; ' and in the country 

 district* by a kind of police court*. 



The revenue average* upwards of 12 million* of dollar*. About 

 three-fifthi of it are derived from customs duties, which are levied at 

 a fixed ad-valorem rate on almost all article* imported, and on the 

 principal article* exported. The remainder u derived from the sale 

 of crown-land*, stamp*, lotteries, tithes, licences, Ac. The average 

 expenditure doe* not exceed 8 million dollars : the surplus receipt* 

 are transmitted to Spain. 



Religion, education, and moral* are invariably spoken of by 

 traveller* a* being in a very low state. The church ha* iti prelates, 

 and othrr dignitaries, and is supplied with an ample number of 

 priest*, but they appear to be very generally capable of great improve- 

 ment, both in learning and conduct There an in th* island two 



college*, various literary societies, and elementary schools ; but theao 

 last an neither sufficiently numerous nor well enough conducted to 

 be adequate to the duty of instructing the juvenile population. 



The aborigine* who inhabited Cuba in the time of Columbus wen 

 annihilated before the year 1560, though the Spaniards settled in this 

 island only in 1511. The present population consist* of whites, 

 negroes, and mixed race*. Their relative numbers have been already 

 given. For a long period Cuba ha* been notorious for the extent 

 to which the traffic in slaves ha* been carried on in it* several 

 port*. The English government, after long continued efforts, at la*t 

 succeeded, about the middle of 1853, in inducing the Spanish govern- 

 ment to pledge itself to adopt measures for the suppression of the 

 slave-trade in Cuba; but it would seem, if the most recent account* 

 from America (received March 1854) are to be depended upon, that 

 though the captain-general appear* to be anxious for its suppression, 

 the trade is still carried on with scarcely the pretence of an effort 

 being made by the local governors to check it 



The population is very unequally distributed over the island, nearly 

 four-fifths of which are very thinly inhabited, especially the southern 

 coast, except the country between Xagua and Trinidad, and that 

 which is east of Cabo de Cruz ; there are also large tract* in the inte- 

 rior which are only used as pasture-ground, and contain hardly more 

 than two individuals to a square mile. The most populous portion i* 

 between the lines from Bahia Honda to Batabano, and hence to Matau- 

 zas, where nearly the half of the whole population is concentrated, and 

 where perhaps there are 70 or 80 persons to each square mile. 



The political importance of Cuba rest* even more than on its 

 extent and productions on it* position with respect to the common 

 routes of navigation. This route is marked out by the track-win.!, 

 and the Gulf Stream. Vessels returning to Europe from Jamaica, 

 or the coast of South America, by sailing directly eastward, have 

 to contend against the united force of winds and current*, and 

 are scarcely able to make either the Windward or Moua Passage*, 

 which are situated respectively at the western and eastern extremities 

 of the Island of Hayti. They are therefore under the necessity of 

 doubling Cabo San Antonio and proceeding to Europe by the Gulf 

 Stream. Thus the possession of Cuba gives an absolute control over 

 the trade between Europe and all countries lying about the Caribbeo 

 Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, and consequently a great portion of the 

 United States of America. The maritime powers have for many year* 

 seemed to hold a tacit agreement to leave Spain in the possession of 

 Cuba, because, being the least powerful of them all, there could be no 

 apprehensions of any attempts on her part to interrupt the free 

 navigation of these sea*. An influential party in the United State* 

 has however declared the acquisition of Cuba to be a prominent 

 feature of its foreign policy, and to this policy the present pr. 

 of the United States, in his Inaugural Speech, in 1853, gave official 

 C'.iint. n in. .-. 



Cuba was discovered by Columbus on his first voyage in 1498; in 

 1511 the Spaniards formed the first settlement : since that time the 

 island has remained in their possession. In 1762 the English took 

 the Havanna, but it was restored to Spain by the peace of 1763. 



(Humboldt; Ramon de la Sagra; Turubull ; Real Sociedad Economics 

 de la Jfabana; Memorial; Parliamentary Papert, Ac.) 



CUCKFIELD, Sussex, a market-town and the seat of a Poor- 

 Law Union, in the parish of Cuckfield, hundred of Buttinghill. Mini 

 rape of Lewes, is situated on the old road between London and 

 Brighton, in 61 0' N. lat, 8' W. long. ; 13 miles N. from Brighton, 

 38 miles S. from London by road, and about 40 miles by the 1 . 

 and Brighton railway. The population of the parish in 1851 was 

 3196. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lewes and 

 diocese of Chichester. Cuckfirld Poor-Law Union contains 15 

 parishes and townships, with an area of 69,485 acres, and a population 

 in 1861 of 16,607. 



.field is a neat clean-looking town. The church is spacious and 

 handsome, of early English and decorated styles. It has an embattled 

 tower with a lofty spire, and contains numerous monuments. In 

 Cuckfield are chapels belonging to Independent* and Baptist* ; also a 

 National school and a savings bank. The workhouse has been 

 recently rebuilt on an enlarged seal*. The market is held on Friday. 

 Fairs for cattle and hone* are held on the Thursday in Whitsun-week 

 and September 16th. Stone for building purposes is quarried near 

 Bolmere and elsewhere in the pariah. Leigh Pond, by Hurstperpoint, 

 covers an area of more than 40 acre*. 



(Dallaway, SutttJ ; Horsfield, Sutttx ; Communication from 

 Cudtfitld). 



CUDDALO'RE, a town in the Carnatic province, on the western 

 shore of the Bay of Bengal, in 11* 44' N. lat, 79* 60' K. long., is 

 built on both side* of the Panniiir lii v. r. The houses on the li-ft bank 

 are modern, and many of them handsome. The street* on the right 

 bank of the river, called tho Old Town, an many of them spa 

 and contain many good residence*. 



Cuddalorc was taken from the French by the army under Colonel 

 Coot* in April, 1760, and remained under the government of the 

 Nabob of Arcot until April, 17*-. when it wai taken by thu Raja of 

 Mysore, assisted by a boily of Kronen troops. In June, 1783, the 

 town was attacked by a British force under General Stuart, \\ lii.-li 

 suffered great loss in attempt* to carry the place by assault. The last 



