DARMSTADT. 



DAUPHINE. 



The woollen manufacture was superseded in a great degree by that of 

 linen*, a* huckabacks, diaper*, sheetings, and checks. But the chief 

 occupation of the inhabitants now is combing wool and making 

 woollen yarn (which is used for imitation Indian (bawls, Brussels 

 carpets, Ac.), (pinning flax, grinding optical glasses, and the manu- 

 facture of brass and iron. There are very extensive wonted mill*. 

 The market U on Monday for corn and provision* of all kinds ; there 

 is a great market for cattle every fortnight 



DARMSTADT, the capital of the grand duchy of Heae Darmstadt, 



, stands in 49 52' N. lat, 8 87' E. 

 ankfurt-am-Mayn, 39 miles N. from 

 i 22,500 inhabitants. It is situated 

 on the banks of the small river Uann, between the Mayn and the 

 lihine (about 10 miles from the Utter) at the commencement of the 

 Bergstrasse, a Roman road leading from Darmstadt to Basle. It was 

 formerly a village, but under the emperor Louis the Bavarian, became 

 a town of the principality of Katzenellenbogen, and a castle was 

 erected for its defence. After the extinction of that family it lost 

 much of it* importance, until George I., son of the emperor Philip 

 the Great, made it his residence, since which period it has increased 

 considerably both in extent and consequence. 



Darmstadt is divided into the old and new town ; the former is 

 inclosed within old massive walls, and has a gloomy uninteresting 

 appearance. The new town is similarly defended, and is built in 

 batter style, has broad, clean, and well-lighted street", and handsome 

 houses; but there are many spaces within the walls not occupied 

 with buildings. The town has six gates and five public squares. 

 The principal public buildings are the new palace, in which the 

 Grand Duke resides ; the old palace, which contains a Urge gallery of 

 paintings, a fine museum of natural history, and a public library of 

 200,000 volumes; the Exercier-Haus, or riding-school ; a very hand- 

 some opera-house ; an arsenal ; barracks ; the town church, containing 

 the ducal vaults; the Lutheran and Reformed Lutheran churches; 

 and the Roman Catholic church, a handsome circular structure 

 situated on an eminence and surmounted by a splendid dome, 

 which is supported by 28 Urge columns. There are a gymnasium, 

 a training-school, and various other schools in the town. The 

 chief manufactures are woollens and linens : the inhabitants are 

 mainly dependent for support upon the expenditure of the court and 

 the garrison ; many of them however are engaged in tanning, 

 gardening, ftc. The environ* are very picturesque, and the soil is 

 highly cultivated. Darmstadt has six fairs every year. 



DARNETAL. [SEixE-IiCFfeRiKURK.] 



DARORA. [ARAQO.N.] 



DARTFORD, Kent, a market-town and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union in the hundred of Axton, Dartford, and Wilmington, U 

 situated on the river Darent, in 61 27' N. Ut, 13' E. long. ; 

 15 miles E.S.E. from London by road, and 17 miles by the North 

 Kent railway. The population in 1851 was 5763. For sanitary 

 purposes the parish is under the management of a Local Board of 

 Health. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Maidatonc 

 and diocese of Canterbury. Dartford Poor-Law Union contains 21 

 parishek and townships, with an area of 47,305 acres, and a population 

 1851 of 27,214. 



Dartford lies in a narrow valley, formed by the river Darent, from 

 which it takes it* name (Saxon Darentford), and the principal street 

 is on the Dover road. The chief circumstance of note in its history 

 is that the great insurrection, under Wat Tyler, in the reign of 

 Richard II., broke out here. The first paper-mill at Dartford was 

 built by Sir John Spielman, a German, who introduced the manu- 

 facture ; the mill stood on the site of the present powder-mills : the 

 first mill established in England for rolling and slitting iron was 

 abo near Dartford. The trade of the town is considerable. There 

 are chalk-pits in the vicinity ; oil, powder, and paper-mills on the 

 river Darent; corn-mills on a Urge scale worked by water-power and 

 (team ; also a Urge iron foundry and manufactory of machinery. At 

 a abort distance from Dartford are a cotton-mill and silk printing 

 works. The town is lighted with gas. Many new house* have been 

 erected, and the town appears to be steadily improving. Barge* 

 from the Thames come up to the wharf below Dartford. The church 

 1* a large and ancient edifice, chiefly of the decorated style, and 

 contain* some good brasses. The Independent*, Wesleyan Methodists, 

 Baptist*, and Lady Huntingdon's Connexion have places of worship 

 -'. ' There are National, British, and Infant schools, and a literary 

 institute. The market U on Saturday, and there ii a yearly fair. 



Near the town are the ruins of a nunnery, founded A.D. 1371, by 

 Edward III., for Augustine nuns, but afterwards occupied by 

 Dominican nun*. The remain* consist of a large embattled gateway, 

 with Mine adjacent buildings, now occupied a* a farm-house : the 

 garden* and orchard* occupied 12 acre*, and were nurrounded by a 

 ton* wall yet entire. Dartford Heath i* of considerable extent, and 

 afford* very pleasant prospect*. 



(Hasted, Kml; Dunkin, Ilutory of Dartford; Communication 

 from Dartford.) 



DARTMOOR. [Dvojr*mi.] 



DARTMOUTH, Devonshire, a nea-port and market-town, a muni- 

 cipal and parliamentary borough, in the hundred of Coleriilgc, is 

 situated at the nr.uth of the river Dart, in 60' 21' N. Ut,, 8' 88' 



W. long., 32 miles a by W. from Exeter, and 202 mile* W.S.W. from 

 London by road. The nearest railway station is at Totnes, on tin- 

 South Devon line, which is 8 miles N.X.W. from Dartmouth, and 

 222] miles from London. The population in 1851 was 4508. The 

 town is governed by 4 aldermen and 12 councillors, one of whom 

 is mayor; and returns one member to the Imperial 1'urli 

 The livings are in the archdeaconry of Totues and diocese of 

 Exeter. 



Dartmouth is delightfully situated on a declivity on the right bank 

 of the river Dart The hill on which the town stands is so abrupt 

 that the base of the houses in the upper street is almost on a level 

 with the chimneys in the street below. Some of the houses are 

 extremely old, and display some fine specimens of wood -carving ; 

 but generally the town is dirty, and the streets ore narrow and 

 ill-paved. The town has been recently lighted with gas. A floating 

 bridge has been established across the river Dart The harl. 

 safe and convenient, and can accommodate 500 ships. The entrance 

 is between the ruins of Kingswear Castle and the fort and church 

 of St Petrox, where a battery has been erected. The port extends 

 from the river Teign to the river Ernie, a distance of 40 miles. 



In ancient records this place is called Clifton-Dartmouth-Hardneoe, 

 originally three adjoining towns : it was incorporated by this name 

 in the reign of Edward III. (1342). From the convenience of its 

 harbour it was very early a place of some note. In the beginning 

 of the 13th century it obtained a market, and other valuable 

 privileges. It sent two members to Parliament from the 14th year 

 of the reign of Edward III. to the passing of the Reform Act, which 

 reduced the number to one. In the reign of Edward I. Dartmouth 

 contributed 31 ships and 800 men towards the naval expedition 

 against France. 



Dartmouth was during the parliamentary war strongly contended 

 for by both parties. Prince Maurice succeeded after a siege of four 

 weeks in taking the town, in which he placed a garrison, but General 

 Fairfax afterwords took the town by storm. The trade consists 

 principally in the export of woollen goods and cider, and the import 

 of wine. Dartmouth is one of the quarantine ports of the chanm-1. 

 The number of vessels registered as belonging to the port on 

 December 31st, 1852, was : Under 50 tons 172, tonnage 4817 ; above 

 50 tons 266, tonnage 29,590, and one steam vessel of 19 ton*. During 

 1852 there entered and cleared at the port as follows: Coasting 

 trade, sailing vessels, inwards 838 vessels, 51,633 tons; outwards 

 328, tonnage 11,352: steam vessels, inwards 119, tonnage 22,009; 

 outwards 2, tonnage 344. Colonial and foreign trade, sailing vessels, 

 inwards 114, tonnage 7188; outwards 166, tonnage 16,019: steam 

 vessels, inwards 23, tonnage 3956 ; outwards 22, tonnage 1784. 



The church of St Petrox is beautifully situated at the entrance of 

 the harbour. St Saviour's church is of the 14th century ; tin- 

 interior is highly ornamented. The pulpit is of stone, richly 

 sculptured and gilt, and the rood-loft is beautifully carved. . 

 are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyan 

 Methodists; and a Grammar school with a small endowment. 

 Newcomen, the inventor of the steam-engine, was a native of 

 Dartmouth. 



A market wan granted to the town as early as 1226, and a fair for 

 three days at the festival of St John the Baptist There are no fairs 

 lii-lil here now, but a large cattle-market is held on the Monday 1 

 the third Wednesday in every month, and a weekly market on Fridays. 

 A new market-place has been lately erected. The remains of tl 

 castle, consisting of a square and a round tower, the lut t,-r of which 

 is the most ancient, and supposed to have been built in the re: 

 Henry VII., are very picturesque. In the immediate neighbourhood 

 are several handsome mansions. 



(Polwhele, Dcvonthirt ; Route-Book of Devon; Murray, Ji 

 book of Devon; Lysons, Magna Britannia; Communication from 

 Dartmouth.) 



DARVEL. [AYRSHIRB.] 



DARWA'R, a district in the province of Bejapore, situated between 

 14 and 16 N. lat; it contains an area of 9122 square miles, and a 

 population estimated at 838,757. Darwar was formerly part of the 

 territory of the IVishwa, and came into possession of the English in 

 1818. In the following year there occurred a serious failure of the 

 harvest, accompanied by an epidemic, which carried off about 25,000 

 of the population, which was then in all about 600,000. The district 

 ha* considerably improved since it came into the possession of lii.- 

 British. Darvar, the capital, is situated in 16 28' N. lat, 75 

 long., about 75 miles E. from Goo. It is a fortified town, and was 

 besieged by an allied force of English and Mahratta troops for t .. 

 nine weeks in 1791, when it surrendered by capitulation. 



DAKWAZ. (HAIIAKHKIIAN.] 



DAKOTA, OVER [ I , s NCABHIR*.] 



DAT' I I 1,1' [ UUCKIMJH AM8IIIKF..] 



1 1 M ' I ' II I N E, a frontier province of south -can tern Franco, constituted 

 (with the principality of Orange) one of the 32 military governments 

 into which in ante-revolutionary times that kingdom was divided. It 

 included the country between the Khdne, the crest of the Alps, and 

 Provence. It now forms the three departments of lucre, Drome, and 

 Hautes-Alpes, and the physical character of the country is dtwri'i. -I 

 under the heads ALIIM, HAfrra; DiiojiE; IsiinK. 



