DELAWARE I 



DBLOa 



;oo 



ad tiM Delaware u>d lUriton canal*. By Uie Union Canal the 

 '.kill navigation U connected with that of the Susqu, -hiinnx 

 Tho Lehigh Canal oonnecU the Delaware with the coal-minim of Mauch 

 l hunk oo tho Lehigfa. 



HKI..VU AKK. BAY eztcnda in a north-west direction, between 

 3* and >* 80' ' 0' and 75 >' W. long. IU entrance 



between Cap* May in New Jersey and Cap* Heolopen in Delaware U 

 nearly 80 mile* wide. It afterward* grow* wider, forming on the 

 ea*t an open bay, SO miles wide, between Gape Kay and Egg Island ; 

 it then gradually narrow*, and it oonaidered to terminate 5 mile* 

 below Newcastle, at the embouchure of the River Delaware. Its 

 whole length ia about 75 miles. The navigation i* difficult and 

 dangeroo* oo account of numerous shoal*. I U low and Bandy chore* 

 were without harbours, errn for small vessels, until the government 

 of the United State* constructed the magnificent breakwater within 

 Utpe Heolopen, noticed under DELAWARE, State of. 



I'KI.KMoNT. [BMN.) 



I 'U.FT, a Urge town in the province of South Holland, 10 mile* 

 by railway N.W. from Rotterdam, is an ancient and gloomy place on 

 the Schie. with 17,000 inhabitant* Many of the street* are divided 

 by narrow stagnant canal* ; in the centre of the town are two hand- 

 MM street* with broad canal* and (haded with trees. The greater 

 park of the country-houses inhabited by the wealthy merchants of 

 KottenUm are situated on the banks of the canal near Delft. This 

 town was formerly famous for ite pottery, to which it gave its name ; 

 lint this manufacture baa been supplanted even in Holland by the 

 superior pottery of England ; the earthenware of Delft is now of the 

 coaner kind, and not more than 200 persons are employed in the 

 manufacture. The principal buildings are the New Church, which 

 contains the monument* of Orotiua and William I., prince of Orange, 

 who wa* murdered at Delft, July 10, 1584 ; the town-house, which 

 stand* on one aide of a large market-place, and opposite to the new 

 church ; and the old church, which is distinguished by a leaning 

 tower, and contain* the tombs of Leuwenhoeck the naturalist, and 

 Admiral Van Trump. At the entrance of the town, on an inland 

 formed by canaU, a the sUte arsenal of Holland, formerly the Dutch 

 Past India House. Manufacture* of woollen cloths and tobacco-pipes 

 are carried on. There is also a considerable trade in butter. 



I >KI. II I. formerly a large province of Hindustan, lying between 

 28; and 81* N. lat, bounded N. by Lahore, E. by Oude and northern 

 Hindustan, S. by Ajmeer and Agra, and W. by Ajmeer and Lahore. 

 It extends eart and west from the hilly countries to the central desert, 

 a distance of 240 miles, and in breadth, from north to south, about 

 800 miles. The province i* generally level To the north of the 

 city of Delhi i* a ridge of low hills, which joins the mountains 

 between the 8uUj and the Jumna. Except on the bank* of the 

 riven by which it i* traversed, the soil of the province is in a high 

 degree arid and unproductive, but great pains have been taken to 

 remedy thin disadvantage by means of irrigation. The province U 

 watered by the Ganges, the Jumna, the Caggur, the Cbittung, and the 

 Seraswati In addition to these riven several artificial canal* of great 

 extent have been made. The canal of Ali Merdan Khan receive* the 

 pars water of the Jumna, not far from it* source in the mountains, 

 and conduct* it 120 miles to the city of Delhi. This canal supplies 

 the inhabitant* of Delhi with water for domestic purposes, that of 

 the Jumna Kurnal being much impregnated with earthy salts. The 

 canal of Sultan Ferose Shah commences from Ali Merdan Khan's 

 Canal a little below Kurnal, and i* carried to the westward through 

 Hm-riana to the frontiers of Bicaneer. The Great Doab Canal joins 

 the Jumna a few mile* below the place where it issues from the 

 northern mountains, and is carried to the same river nearly opposite 

 to Delhi, a distance of 160 miles. It pa*ses through Sahnrunpoor, 

 iUmpoor, Shamlee, and some other town*, and gives fertility to an 

 extensive tract of country. Wheat, barley, gram, and other grains 

 are produced in that portion of the province which lie* between the 

 Jumna and the Sutlcj, but the long-continued drought* in the western 

 parts of Delhi are unfavourable to husbandry, and except in tho rainy 

 OB the country is sterile and uncultivated. The liohilla district, 

 lying bstwwn tas east bank of the Gunge* and the kingdom of Oude, 

 has a fertile soil and a genial climate, and i* well watered. This 

 district produce* xjgar and wheat abundantly. 



The city of Delhi wa* taken by Mahmood about the year 1011, and 

 laid under contribution. The province wa* afterward* the *eat of 

 empire under the Ouarian or Afghan monarch*. The Mogul dynasty 

 I by Baber in 1826, the la*t of the Afghan monarch* 

 - by him in battle. The throne continued in the 



' this monarch and his descendant* until the e*tabushm**t 

 of the Eogluh in India. 



In the year 1788 the Rohilla. became marten of the imperial city. 

 In 180* Lord Lake, after defeating Dowlnt Rao Scindiah, took 

 possession of the city sod territory of Delhi, and assigned lands for 

 tl,. -,,.:..- of aV V. ..-.:. ::. : rtft .-,-;, i K * i.,. 



The consequence* of the immediate administration of the govern- 

 ment by tiM British have ben highly favourable to the inhabitant*. 

 The whole population U well clad, which, in a climate where clothing 

 is not of prime nseessily as a protection from the element*, is 

 considerable evidence of prueperity. The tenure of the land ha* not 

 be. interfered with by tie lingush, a. IB other province, of India. 



Settlements are made with the village proprietor* according to 

 immemorial usage. 



oi, one of the six admini vision* 



of the North-Western Province*, includes only a small portion of the 

 former province. The area i* about 8300 square miles, of 

 about one-half U under cultivation. The |>,.|. , Million 



and a half, of whom about a million are Hindoo*. 



-"ell, .I/CM" rntary l'a}>cn.) 



I >KI, II I, the capital of the province above described, is situated on 

 the right bank of Ui 



ing to tradition this city was founded 300 yean befon ui era 



by Dclu. It formerly stood ou the left buikof tl,-' .lunnri, and is said 

 to have covered a space of 20 square mile*. The present city wa* 

 built in 1631 by the emperor sh h .Kluui. Tl. - ity is about seven 



i circumference, and ia surround, d by v. . ; . 

 large blocks of gray granite : era and bastions occur in the 



wall* at interval*. It ha* seven gate* of freestone, and contains the 

 remain* of several fine palaces, the former dwellings of th. 

 omrab* of the empire. These palaces ore each of considerable extent, 

 and Burrouncl.il by high walls, containing baths, stabling, and 

 numerous out -buildings. There are several beautiful moaques in 

 good preservation, of which the largest, built by sl^h .Mian, is 

 con.-triietcd of white marble and red sandstone. There ;uv two fine 

 street*, one 90 feet broad and 1500 yards long, the other I. 

 wide and a mile in length. Down the middle of 

 streets is an aqueduct, supplied with water from Ali M< 

 Canal. The other streets are narrow, but contain many good brick 

 houses. The Mogul'* Palace, built by Shah Jchun, on tho west bank 

 of the Jumna, is surrounded on three sides by a 

 and more than a milt in circumference. The chief hall of an 

 is an open quadrangular terrace of white marMe, richly oruan. 

 with mosaic work and sculptures in relievo ; and the chapel of 

 Aurengzebe, also of white marble, although small, in of beautiful 

 workmanship. The garden* are said to have cost a crore of rupees 

 one million sterling. The principal buildings of Knr.]..an erection 

 are the arsenal, a church, and tho college, with the residences of the 

 officials. One of the most generally useful works of the emperor 

 Shah Jehan in this city is the well, excavated by great labour out of 

 the solid rock upon which the Jumna Musjeed is built The 

 is raised from a great depth by complicated machinery to a succession 

 of reservoirs, and fills a pond, from which the inhabitants obtain a 

 suppl; 



is city has at various times undergone great vicissitudes. In 

 1803 the city and territory of Delhi passed into the possession of the 

 liritish, and from that time the king of Delhi has been a i 

 nominal sovereign, receiving a pension from the British 

 The population of the city U estimated at - he trade of 



Delhi is still extensive, particularly in shawls, which ore brought 

 from Cashmere to be embroidered with gold and silk. 'It 

 and ivory carvers of Delhi are celebrated for their skill and the 

 delicacy of their workmanship. A considerable trade is earn 

 in precious stones and in cornelians. 



Among tho ruins of the ancient city on the eastern side of the 

 river are some splendid mausoleums in good preservation \i.. .1,1 

 1S25 a college or madrissa was established by the General Coun 

 of Public Instruction, and funds were assigned for its sttpjioH by ihe 

 Company's g< . in addition to which a sum equal to IT.i'ini/. 



was presented to tho college by Nawaub J>>lauiaid-ood-]>owlah, late 

 minister of the king of Oude. There in another school at which tin 

 children of the native gentry are taught the English languag 

 ud. lit inn to these establishments about 300 schools have been opened 



i and its vicinity for tho instruction of poor children. 

 are several missionary churches and schools in the city. A jail, a 

 lunatic asylum, and other public buildings have been recently erected 

 by the Company's go>.< rnmcnt. 



Delhi is distant from Calcutta, by the I'.,; hum road, S*5(! D 



mbay, by Ahmedabad and Ajmeer, SSI) miles ; from Madras, 

 i.:h]julv, I'JT.'i miles. 



oeD, Memoir of a .V/' '/ Ifinduttan; Mill, Hillary of Sritith 

 India; Heber, Journal* in India; Stocqueler, I In India; 



Parliamentary Pafert.) 



I >l :U)S, an inland of the Archipelago, the smallest of the Cycladen 

 group, lies in the strait between Mycoue ami Uheneia. Aeeonling to 

 the poetic tradition, it was originally a tloatiug island, until . 

 fixed it fust to tho bottom of the sea in order to afford a secure resting- 

 place for Leto or Latoua to bring forth Apollo L (Strabo, 

 p. 485.) It had aevenal ancient names, a* Ortygia, Cynthia, and Astoria. 

 It was celebrated from the earliest time* a* a seat of the .,r-hi|. 

 of Apollo, who was said to have been bum there. MM temple and that 

 i hi- mother, Latona, wore in the town of I )eh>s, which was built on a 

 little plain on the west xide of the inland, at tho foot of a lofty moun- 

 tain, called Cyuthus. (Strabo, p. 486.) The river lno| i . i, 

 sea to the south of the town ; and in the sacred inclosure was a 

 diminutive circular basin. (Herod, ii. 170; Tourncfort, 'Voyage du 

 Levant,' torn, i.) Delo* wa* a place of meeting for the louiaus in 

 the time of Homer ; and athletic spurt*, with dancing and singing, 

 were carried on there in honour of Apollo. (Thmyd. iii. 104.) 

 I'olycrate*, of Samoa, consecrated the adjoining inland, Khencio, to the 



