m 



DENMARK. 



DENMARK. 



718 



Brought form* 191,881 



Intrrr.t ami Pa; menu on Stale-papcr 

 Bound, niter, and Canal doc* 

 Bnplw from Cnttaou, Riamp., KicUc, ft*. 



For the Kingdom of Denmark 



For the Duchy of 8chle>wit 



For the IHaehjr of Holatcln .... 

 6wplu from I'wure 



For th* Einirdom of Denmark . 



For the Duchr of Rchlerwl* .... 



For the Duchy of Ilolitrln 



For the Duchjr of Laucnburft .... 



Lottery 



MiaceUaneou 



Special. For the Kingdom of Denmark . 



Direct Tun 



Indirect Taxn 



Iceland 



KiseeUaaeons 



For the Duchies of Schlowia- and Hol*u in. 



Direct Taxn 



Indirect Taze* 



MiaeeUaneou* 



Total 



Expenditure. 

 General. For the whole Monarchy. 



Civil Uit 



Appanaim to the Hoval Family .... 



Privy Council 



Interest and Payments on the National Debt 



Tension List ....... 



Foreign Department 



War Department 



Nary Department 



Finance Department 



lilioellancoiu and Extraordinary Payment! 

 Special. For the Dlrlnioni of the Monarchy. 

 For the Kingdom of Denmark. 



Parliament 



Bome Department 



Jtutiee Department 



Education Department 



War Department ....... 



Navy Department ...... 



Finance Department 



Extraordinary Payment* 



National Debt 



For the Dachlea of Schlcswlg and Ilolitcln. 



Cabinet 



Provincial Eatatet 



Payment* in common with Holitetn . 



111.146 

 JII.368 



471,101 

 1J8,JSO 

 1J4.346 



1,905 

 193 

 559 



IN 



11,324 

 146,250 



426,707 

 101,857 

 3,144 

 U.23S 



116,008 

 45,581 

 15I.50J 



2,400,517 







90,000 



16,211 



6,086 



804,409 



181,080 



25,943 



510,878 



181,141 



50,194 



26,848 



6,750 



119,719 



54,388 



28,976 



5,377 



336 



13,708 



5,636 



164,419 



7,875 

 10,665 



Total 2,353,818 



The Nation*] Debt amounted in 1853 to 13,612,6002. 



The numerical strength of the Danish army on the peace footing 

 nominally amount* to nearly 40,000 officers and privates ; but the number 

 actually employed is under 10,000. A sufficient number of officers 

 and others always remain at the disposal of the crown to call a force 

 of 25,000 men at any time into active service. The militia, when 

 called out, musters about 60,000 rank and file. 



The navy in 1853 was composed of 6 ships of the line, mounting 

 390 guns ; 7 frigate* with 846 guns; and 11 sloops, brigs, schooners, 

 and cutters, mounting 148 guns : in all 23 vessels and 884 guns. To 

 these must be added 79 gun-boats, bomb-vessels, &c., and 6 steamers 

 of 1009 horse-power. 



The fortresses and fortified ports of Denmark are Copenhagen, 

 Orenburg Castle, Korsoer, Fredericia, Friedrichsort, Friedrichshavn, 

 Rcndsburg, Christiansoe near Bornholm, Nyborg, and Oluckstadt 

 The chief military and naval establishments are the Cadet Academy, 

 Copenhagen ; the Arsenal and Archive of Chart*, in the same city ; a 

 cannon and ball foundry at Friedrichsviirk ; an invalid hospital at 

 Eckernfonlc ; and arsenal* at Rendsburg and Banders. 



//iafory. The oldest history of Denmark is pure tradition, derived 

 from the suspicious source of the Icelandic Legends or Saga. The first 

 fact of which we can speak is that the Cimbri, a branch of the Nor- 

 man* or Scandinavians, were the earliest known inhabitants of the 

 peninsula of Jutland and Schlsxwig, which was thence called the 

 Cimbrun Chersonesus. They first became known to the Komans 

 from their taking part with th* Teuton**, about 100 yean before the 

 Christian era, in the invasion of Gaul and Italy, in the times of 

 Marina. About A.D. 250 the Ooths overran the Scandinavian terri- 

 tories) under Odin or Wodin, and imposed rulers of their own on 

 Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Skiold, Odin's son, is tho first name 

 which has descended to us a* sovereign of Denmark ; but we posses* 

 no record of his time beyond numerous legendary fragment*. Den- 

 mark appears however to have l>cen divided into a variety of petty 

 states, of which Skiold's <leccn<lanU assumed the lordship for ,,,.,,,y 

 centuries, and to have been inhabited by a warlike race of men, whoso 

 principal occupation was piracy. The Normans, or Angles, under 

 which designation the Swede and Norwegian as well a* th* Dane were 



included, during th* 8th and 9th centuries, established their dominion 

 in parts of England, which they distracted by their inroads until tho 

 middle of the llth century : they also made themselves masters of 

 Normandy under Hollo, colonised the Orkneys and Hebrides, the Isle 

 of Han, Iceland, and part of Irulauil, uinl pushed tliuir settlement* as 

 far south as Spain, Italy, and Sicily, of tM piv.histori< 

 vestiges, consisting of tumuli, cromlechs, Ac., are very numerous, and 

 have engaged a Urge amount of attention and research among the 

 antiquaries of Northern Europe. 



The first Daaish monarch with respect to whom we are enabled to 

 speak with certainty was Qorm, or Worm, the Old, a Skioldingcr, 

 who brought Jutland under his sway in 863, and succeeded between 

 that date and the year 900 in uniting every state in Denmark to his 

 dominion. In 1000, Sven, his grandson, subjugated part of Norway, 

 and in 1014 the greater part of England, where he soon after died ; 

 in 1016, his grandson Knud the Second, or Canute the Great, possessed 

 himself of the whole of England and part of Scotland ; an. I in 1030, 

 of the remainder of Norway. To this monarch Denmark was 

 indebted for her greatness, laws, and internal organisation, n: 

 establishment of Christianity as the religion of the country, 

 successors however were not endowed with capacity enough to preserve 

 his dominion in its integrity ; England threw off their yoke in 

 and Norway two yean afterwards. A new dynasty out of the female 

 line of Canute's descendants mounted the throne in 1047, in the 

 person of Sven Magnus EstriUou the Third, and held the sceptre for . 

 400 years afterwards. The male descendants of Magnus Sven became 

 extinct with Waldemar the Third in 1375 : and Olaf the Fourth, of 

 the female line, Waldemar's grandson, dying in 1337, his mother, 

 Margaretta, styled the Northern Semiramis, ascended the throne of 

 Denmark. She acquired Norway by inheritance, and having subdued 

 Sweden by force of arms, united the three northern kingdoms under 

 one crown by the Calmar union in 1397. Tho Swedes however 

 could never be brought to endure this league, anil after a long aerie* 

 of contests ultimately renounced the union in 1523.. These contest* 

 undermined the prosperity of the Danish monarchy no less than the 

 perpetual broils between the sovereign and his nobles on the one 

 hiind, and the nobility and clergy on the other; the population 

 decreased greatly, and the adjacent seas swarmed with Danish pirates, 

 while trade and navigation dwindled to insignificance. Margaretta's 

 line having forfeited the throne in 1439, and Erick the Sevi -ntli 

 having been deposed, the Danish States elected Christian Count of 

 Oldenburg king. From his grandson, Christian II., surnamed ' Tho 

 Wicked,' the crown was transferred to Frederick the First, duke of 

 Schleswig and Holstein, who received the crown of Denmark and 

 Norway in 1523. His sou Christian the Third united the duchies of 

 Schleswig and Holstein in perpetuity to the crown of Denmark in 

 1533, and brought the turbulent Norwegians to recognise the Danish 

 kings as their sovereigns ' for ever.' In his reign the Reformation 

 was established throughout the united kingdoms, and a code of laws, 

 entitled the 'Recess of Kolding,' was promulgated. The struggles 

 arising out of his partition of the greater part of Schleswig and 

 Holstein between his brothers, became a source of much subsequent 

 mischief to Denmark, and was not terminated until 1773, when the 

 alienated territory was recovered by the cession of Oldenburg and 

 Delmenhorst to its then possessor, the grand-duke of Russia. In 

 the 17th century Sweden wrested from Denmark the provinces of 

 Jempteland and Herjedalen, together with the islands of Qottland 

 and Oesel, the extensive districts of Schonen, Holland, Blekingen, 

 and Biihus. In 1660 the three estate* of the realm acknowledged 

 Frederick and his successors as absolute sovereigns of Denmark, in 

 solemn diet at Copenhagen ; and they confirmed tho surrender of 

 their rights by presenting him with the ' Arfve-Enevolds-Regierungs- 

 Akt.' Thin gave occasion to the promulgation of his ' Konge-Lov,' 

 in 1666; the fundamental law of settlement which prevailed in 

 Denmark until our own day. In 1720 Sweden ceded the right of 

 receiving the Sound dues to the Danes, and the long-disputed claim 

 of Denmark to the sovereignty of Schleswig was fully recognised. 

 The subsequent hundred year* were a period of i-onii illity, 



during which the state rose, and enjoyed prosperity : t! 

 fruit* of this interval of peace were, the abolii- . itmli- 



among the peasantry, begun by Christian the Seventh in IV'.,". Mi" 

 ion of the negro slave trade, and the establishment of greater 

 liberty of the prew. During the wars of the French Revolution, 

 Denmark observed a strict neutrality ; but in contesting the right of 

 search as to her mercantile shipping, insisted upon by England, 

 which led her into a defensive alliance with Knwi.i, I'rnwiin, and 

 Sweden, she brought upon herself the loss of her East and West 

 India colonies, and suffered severely in the naval fight off Co|x?nhagen 

 in 1801. The treaty which ensued restored those colonies to her. 

 "I'll,. pi ,-.,'i- of Tilsit, in 1807, in which there were secret m 

 stipulating that the whole Danish navy should be delivered <>\ 

 Mir French emperor, occasioned however a fresh rupture with 

 England, which commenced with the appearance of a form 

 force under Earl Cathcart and Lord Oambier on the coast 

 and was carried to open hostilities upon tho refusal of the Danixh 

 government to surrender tli.ii tli-et, consisting 01 ips of 



tho line, fourteen frigate*, and three brig*, as well an their timber and 

 the naval stores then in the yards and arsenal of Copenhagen. Upon 



