DENNY. 



DERBY. 



718 



this refusal, Lord Gambler bombarded the Danish metropolis, from 

 the 2nd to the 5th of September, forced it to capitulate after a 

 considerable part of the town had been burnt, and carried away the 

 fleet to England. In November following a formal declaration of 

 war was issued by the English government, and Denmark wag again 

 stripped of her colonial possessions, and not only lost the islands of 

 Anholt and Heligoland, but the whole of her foreign commerce. By 

 the treaty of Kiel ou the 14th of January, 1814, Denmark accepted 

 Pomerania in exchange for Norway. This province was in 1815 

 ceded by her to Prussia, in consideration of her receiving the duchy 

 of Lauenburg and a large sum of money. In making peace with 

 England, she recovered her colonial dominions, but with the loss of 

 her fleet and the island of Heligoland. In 1845 Denmark sold her 

 East Indian and African colonies to England. 



The most important event in the recent domestic history of 

 Denmark is the protracted struggle between the duchies of Schleswig 

 and Holstein and the Danish government. A difference of long- 

 standing between Denmark and the duchies respecting the succession 

 to the crown, which was settled on somewhat different principles by 

 the laws of the two countries, had been increasing in intensity as 

 it became more certain that the reigning family would be soon left 

 without a direct male heir. In the excitement following the 

 great revolutionary outbreak of 1848, the duchies resolved to resort 

 to arms; and at once making the quarrel one of races, they 

 appealed to their German brethren for assistance, in order to secure 

 a separation from Denmark. Prussia sent an army to aid the 

 a, but Denmark put forth all her resources, and the struggle 

 continued for a long time with varying success. Austria at length pre- 

 pared to support Denmark, and Prussia eventually withdrew her forces. 



The duchies, though forsaken by their allies, continued to offer 

 the most deter-nined resistance, but eventually Austria and Prussia 

 stepped in as mediating powers, and as they were prepared to enforce 

 their arbitration by sending troops to occupy some of the strong- 

 holds of the country, the duchies were compelled to submit, and the 

 authority of the king of Denmark again became paramount. The 

 future relations of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein and the 

 kingdom of Denmark were finally settled by a decree dated 

 January 28th, 1852. The question of the succession to the Danish 

 throne had been referred to a convention of plenipotentiaries of the 

 principal powers of northern and western Europe. The treaty, as 

 eventually agreed upon and signed by the representatives of England, 

 France, Russia, Austria, Prussia, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, set 

 aside the line of Augustenburg, and settled the succession to the 

 crown of Denmark upon Prince Christian, of the Sonderburg-Glucks- 

 burg line, and his male-heirs. The integrity of the Danish monarchy, 

 though its desirableness was fully recognised, was not however, as is 

 sometimes stated, formally guaranteed by this treaty. 



DENNY. [STIRLINGSHIRE.] 



DENT. [YORKSHIRE.] 



DEOGHU'R, a district in the province of Gundwana, forming part 

 of the dominions of the Raja of Nagpore, and lying principally between 

 21 and 22 N. lat. It is separated into two divisions, designated Deoghur 

 above the Ghauts and Deoghur below the Ghauts. The division above 

 the Ghauts is an elevated tract of country, having the valley of the 

 Nerbudda to the north and the plains of Nagpore to the south. Its 

 surface is undulating, hills and dales occurring in regular succession ; 

 the general direction of the hills is east and west. The division below 

 the Ghauts lies to the south ; it is crossed by several ranges of hills 

 branching off from the Vindhyan chain. In the time of Aurengzebe 

 this country was in a very wild and unsettled condition ; the raja was 

 little more than the nominal head of numerous petty chiefs, and was 

 tributary to the throne of Delhi. Shortly after that time the Bhoonsla 

 family obtained the chief power in this part of India, and Deoghur 

 became the central part of their dominions. The title of raja, with a 

 small part of the revenue, was still allowed to the Goond princes; and 

 the show of sovereignty, but without any of its power, is still given to 

 the ancient royal family. Deoghur, the capital, is in 21 43' N. lat., 

 78 35' E. long. It was formerly a place of some consequence, but 

 has long since fallen into decay. 



DEOGHU'R, or BAIDYANA'TH, a place of great sanctity in the 

 district of Birbhoom, in the north-western extremity of Bengal, in 

 24 32' N. lat., 86 40' E. long. At a particular season of the year, 

 pilgrims of all ages, both male and female, resort to this place with 

 small bottles filled with water from the Ganges, to be poured over 

 the principal idol of the temple which they are about to visit. Some 

 of the pilgrims take with them a larger stock of the sacred water than 

 they require to satisfy their own devotional feelings : this surplus is 

 made a subject of traffic. 



DEPTFORD. [GREENWICH.] 



DEPWADE, Norfolk, a hundred in the eastern division of the 

 county, which has been constituted with adjoining parishes a Poor- 

 Law Union. Depwade hundred is bounded N. by the hundred of 

 Humbleyard, E. by the hundred of Loddou, S. by the hundreds of 

 Earsham and Diss, and W. by the hundred of Shropham. Depwade 

 Poor-Law Union, the boundaries of which are much more extended 

 than those of the hundred, contains 43 parishes and townships, with 

 an area of 68,883 acres, and a population in 1851 of 26.082. 



DERA-GHAZE-KHAN. [HINDUSTAN Lahore.] 



DERA-ISHMAEL-KHAN. [DAMAN.] 



DERBEND, the ancient Albana, a fortified town in the Russian part 

 of Daghestan, is situated ou the western shore of the Caspian Sea near 

 42 12' N. lat., 48 25' E. long., at a distance of 135 miles N.N.W. from 

 Baku, and about the same distance S.S.E. from Kizliar, at thehead of the 

 delta of the Terek. The population is about 12,000. A branch of the 

 Caucasus, which runs eastward to the Caspian Sea, terminates about 

 a mile from its shores, forming what was anciently called the Albania; 

 or Caspise PyUe, now the Pass of Derbend. As the mountain ridges 

 in no other place come so close to the sea the extremity of this steep 

 and nearly inaccessible ridge offered a very advantageous point for 

 erecting fortifications to command the road along the coast. The 

 town is built on the declivity with which the range terminates, and 

 which forms a parallelogram about 15 miles in length, but only 400 

 yards across. The walls which inclose the town ou the north and 

 south are continuous to the sea. There are two large iron gates in 

 these walls through which the road passes, and which may be shut at 

 pleasure. Hence the town derives its name, which signifies 'the 

 shut-up gates : ' the Turks call it Demir Kapu (Iron Gate). The 

 walls, which are of great antiquity and very strong, are built of hewn 

 stones, 26 feet high, and 8 feet thick. They are strengthened with 

 round and square towers. To the west of the town is the citadel, on 

 a more elevated eminence,' which is also well fortified. Many coarse 

 stuffs of silk and wool are made here. Its commerce by the Caspian 

 Sea is not considerable, the harbour being so shallow that only boats 

 can laud, and vessels remain at a distance of nearly a mile from the 

 shore. The town is very ancient. The first Darius is said to have 

 fortified the pass to check the incursions of the Scythians or Slaves. 

 The present walls probably formed part of the fortifications erected 

 by Chosroes, king of Persia, as a bulwark of his kingdom in this direc- 

 tion. Derbend was afterwards taken by the Arabians, and their chiefs 

 who lost their lives in the enterprise are said to have been buried in 

 the sepulchral mounds which are seen to the north of the town. The 

 Russians first took it from the Persians in 1722, but restored it in 

 1735. They took it a second time in 1795, and have kept it. since. 



DERBY, the county town of Derbyshire, a municipal and parlia- 

 mentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the hundred 

 of Morleston and Litchurch, is situated in a wide and fertile vale on 

 the banks of the Derwent, a feeder of the Trent, in 52 55' N. lat., 

 1 28' W. long., distant 126 miles N.N.W. from London by road, and 

 132 miles by the North-Western and Midland railways. The borough 

 is governed by 12 aldermen and 36 councillors, one of whom is mayor; 

 and returns two members to the Imperial Parliament. The popula- 

 tion of the borough of Derby was 40,609 in 1851. The livings are in 

 the archdeaconry of Derby and diocese of Lichfield. Derby Poor-Law 

 Union contains 7 parishes and townships, with an area of 3329 acres, 

 and a population in 1851 of 43,690. 



Derby is supposed to have risen from the ruins of the Roman 

 station Derventio, which was on the site of Little Chester, a hamlet 

 just out of the boundary of the borough and on the opposite side of 

 the river. There appears to have been here a British town upon the 

 British road, the Rykneld, or Icknield-street. Coins of brass, silver, 

 and gold, with antiquities of various kinds, have been found, and the 

 foundations of buildings are still sometimes discovered. At Little 

 Chester are the foundations of a Roman bridge over the Derweut. 



In the time of the Saxons Derby was called Northworthige ; the 

 name of Deoraby is said to have been given it by the Danes, by whom 

 it had been captured. The town was recovered from the Danes by 

 Ethelfleda, countess of Mercia, and daughter of King Alfred, who 

 took the castle by storm, about 918. It was again taken by the Danes, 

 and was recovered from them by King Edmund I. in 942. In the time 

 of Edward the Confessor, Derby was a royal borough. The town of 

 Derby has received many charters from different sovereigns : it claims 

 to be a borough by prescription. The town has sent burgesses to 

 Parliament since the 26th year of Edward I. 



Tl e situation of Derby is very pleasant, being surrounded with rich 

 and beautiful scenery. In the older parts of the town the streets are 

 narrow and winding. Much improvement has taken place in the 

 buildings and the general .appearance of the town of late years. The 

 dwelling-houses are mostly built of red brick, the public buildings 

 of stone. Derby is lighted with gas ; and it is supplied with water 

 from the Derwent. The town-hall, a handsome building with an 

 Ionic portico, erected in 1828, was destroyed by fire on October 21st, 

 1841. The outside and centre walls were preserved and retained as 

 part of the new town-hall, in the plan for. which the portico was 

 omitted, and a clock and bell-tower placed in front. This building is 

 used for all municipal and judicial purposes. The other public 

 buildings include the county hall, the county prison, the borough jail, 

 and the new county lunatic asylum. 



Derby has some fine old churches. All-Saints or All-Hallows 

 church is on the east side of the town, near to the river : the body of 

 the church, a Roman Doric edifice by Gibbs, was first opened for 

 divine service in 1725 ; the tower, erected about the time of 

 Henry VIII., is in the perpendicular style and of peculiar beauty ; its 

 general arrangement and details are admirable. This tower, which 

 has been recently restored, is 178 feet high, and its situation adds to 

 the effect of its elevation and its fine architecture. St. Alkmund's 

 church, rebuilt in 1846, is a handsome and commodious edifice in the 



