Tit 



DERBY. 



DERBYSHIRE. 





decorated style, and has a tower at the west end, surmounted with a 

 spire. The 'height of the spire from the ground is 207 f. 

 Michael's church it another gothic building with au embattled square 

 tower ; the dat of erection is uncerUiu. St Wcrburgh's church has 

 frequently suffered from its nearness to the brook : floods having 

 Kij'ltxl the foundation, in 1601 the tower fell ; it was rebuilt on the 

 east aide for greater security, but in 168S the church itself fell. St 

 John's church is on elegant building of mixed gotbic styles. The 

 Independents, Wesleyan Methodist*, 1'rimitivc Methodists, New Con- 

 nexion Methodist.*, Baptists, General Baptists, Quakers, and Unitarian* 

 hare places of worship. The Roman Catholics have a fine cathedral 

 church, erected about twelve years ago. Tbi* building, which is in 

 the decorated stylo, is 127 fc't long, and 45 feet wide ; the nave is 

 80 feet long, the chancel 27 feet by 20 feet ; the tower is 1 1 7 feet high. 



The Free Grammar school in Derby, originally founded in 1162, has 

 an income from endowment of 33/. 0*. 8</. a year, and au interest in ten 

 exhibitions at Kinmauuel College, Cambridge. The number of scholars 

 in 1853 was 53. There ore several National, Diocesan, British, and 

 Infant schools. The Philosophical Society, established by Dr. Darwin 

 in 1783, has a good library, with apparatus, a museum, &c. The 

 Athenaeum, the Town and County Museum, the Town and County 

 Library, the News Room, the Mechanics Institution, the Mechanics 

 Hall, the Temperance Hall, the Savings Bank sufficiently indicate 

 by their names their eevt-r.U purposes. The Arboretum is a piece of 

 ground of about 16 acres in extent, well laid out and arranged with 

 trees and shrubs, so as to combine instruction with recreation, for the 

 benefit of the inhabitants at large. The original arboretum, a piece 

 of ground about 11 acres in extent, carefully arranged by Mr. .1. ('. 

 Loudon, was given to the town by Joseph Strutt, Esq. ; an adjacent 

 portion of about 5 acres has since been purchased and laid out in a simi- 

 lar manner. The Derbyshire General Infirmary, opened in 1810, haa 

 accommodation for 80 patients, exclusive of the fever-wards, for 

 which a new wing was lately added : a dispensary, ladies' charity, 

 several sets of almshouses, and numerous other charities ore in the 

 town. There are a stone bridge of three arches, a wooden bridge, and a 

 towiug-bridge over the Derweut, and three stone bridges crossing the 

 Markeaton brook, which flows through the town into the Derwent. 



The principal manufactures are of silk and cotton goods, porcelain, 

 jewellery, and ornamental articles made of the various kinds of spar 

 found in the county, red and white lead, lead-pipe, sheet-lead, cast- 

 iron, ribbed stockings, and bobbin-net and other lace. Silk-hosiery 

 is extensively made. In the early part of the Isth century the art of 

 spinning or ' throwing' silk, which had been exclusively possessed by 

 the Italians, was introduced into Derby by a Mr. Crotchet, who did 

 not succeed in business. In 1717 Mr. Juhn Lombe, who hod obtained 

 access to the machinery of the silk-throwsters of Piedmont in Italy, 

 agreed with the corporation of Derby to rent an island in the river 

 Derwent, 500 feet long and 52 feet wide. Here he erected at a cost of I 

 30,U( ioV. an immense silk-milk. This building has since become the ' 

 property of the corporation, the lease having expired. In 1718 Lombe 

 took out a patent, and was proceeding successfully in his business, when 

 he died. He was succeeded by his brother William, and afterwards 

 by hi cousin, Sir Thomas Lombe. The whole machinery of the 

 mill, which was very extensive, was moved by one water-wheel. Many 

 throwing mill* have since been erected at Derby, and this branch of 

 industry may be regarded as the staple of the town. The spars of 

 the county, especially the fluor-spar, or 'blue John,' arc wrought into 

 rases and other ornaments; and the black marble of Ashford is 

 wrought into vases, columns, chimney-pieces, Ac, 



The assizes for the county are held at Derby, also the Epiphany, 

 Midiummer, and Michaelmas sessions ; the Easter sessions are held 

 at Chesterfield. A county court is held in Derby. Borough and petty 

 sessions are held. Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday are market-days ; 

 the principal market is on Friday. A cattle-market is held once a 

 week on Tuesday. There are nine fairs in the year for cattle, 

 pedlery, Ac., which are well attended. 



The river Derwent was several years since rendered navigab! 

 the town of Derby to its junction with the Trent, but since the 

 opening of the Derby Canal the navigation has been disused. '1 1.. 

 Derby Canal branches from the Trent and Mersey (or Grand Trunk) 

 Canal at Swarkestou, a few miles south of Derby, runs northward, 

 and internets the Derwent at Derby, a towing-bridge being thrown 

 across that river. From Derby the course of the canal is eastward 

 until it joins the Ercwash Canal at Sandiacre. Over the Markeaton 

 Brook, which runs through Derby, the canal is carried in a cast-iron 

 trough or aqueduct. From Derby a short branch of this canal extends 

 to Little Eaton, three or four miles north of Derby, with two arms to 

 the quarries on Little Eaton common. Derby is favourably situated 

 with respect to railway communication to all parts of the country. 

 The railway station at Derby is very extensive in its arrangements, 

 and serves to accommodate several lines which meet here in 

 connection with the Midland railway. 



There were formerly four religious hotucti at or close to Dciby : nn 

 abbey (St Helen's) of Augustine canon.-, a nunnery of Benedictines, 

 and houses of Dominicans and Cluniac*. St Helen's abbey was 

 founded by Robert de Ferrariis, or De FYrrcru, second Earl Ferrers. 

 This abbey appears to hare been first established in I>. rl.y town, 

 and afterwards removed to a file about a mile north of Derby, wh. i e 



there has since arisen the Tillage of Hurley or Par! 



was here on hospital for leprous persons. In the . 



on the Nottingham road, U a convent of the Sisters of Mercy 



buildings, which are in the gothic style, are extensive, and present 



I i '. ,-.[;.- Dpi .,r.i:i. --. 



(Hutton, llittory of Derby ; Glover, Ilittory of Dtrly ; La, 

 Lire In. /'.irliamtntary Papcri; Comm ; Dtrly.) 



KKIUIYMIIKK, a midland county of England, bounded N.E. by 

 Yorkshire, from which it is partly separated by the rivers Dei 

 Ilothcr, and Sheaf; N.\V. by Cheshire, from which it is iu thU 

 quarter separated by the river Etherow ; \V. 1 iVom whii-h 



it i.* here separated by the riv. r C,.jt, rmd by Statlordshhv, which 

 latter county bounds it also on the S. \V ; S .]'.. l,y I. ,-. M. r-hin'. from 

 which it is partly separated by the Trent; ami E. by Nottin: 

 shire, from which it is separated by the Ercwash. Its form in 

 Irregular ; the greatest length is from north to south, 6t> miles ; the 

 greatest breadth is from east to west, 31 miles. The area 

 county is 1030 square miles. The population in 1S51 was 21" 

 The county is comprehended between 51 41' aud 53 30' N. lat, 

 1 10' and 2 V W. long. Besides the main part of the i 

 bounded and situated as above, there is a small detached | - 

 the southern extremity inclosed between the counties of Warwick, 

 Leicester, and Stafford. It contains the village* an I punches of 

 Mcasham, Strctton iu-thc-Fields, aud Wilsley, and the village and 

 chapelry of Chilcote. 



Surface, Hydrography, and Communication!. Tho southern and 

 south-eastern ports may be considered as on the whole flat, yet they 

 have on easy ascent towards the north-western portion, which com- 

 pruheuds cue of the most elevated and rugged districts in England. 

 This part (which is commonly known by the name of the Peak) is 

 occupied by a part of that range of highlands which some geogra 

 have designated the Pennine chain, which separates the waters that 

 How into the sea on the eastern side of the island from those on tho 

 western side. This chain of mountains enters the county at or near 

 iU northern extremity, and the principal ridge runs in an irregular 

 line south-south west till it enters Staffordshire a few miles soutl. 

 of Buxton. ., Along this ridge are the following heights : Dane Head 

 Stones, 539 'feet high ; Blakelow Stones, which Farey considers to be 

 the highest point of the ridge and of the county generally ; Kinder- 

 scout, which Farey states to be 1800 feet high ; and the northern and 

 middle peaks of Axe-Edge Hill, the southern peak being in Stafford- 

 shire. The northern or great summit of Axe-Edge Hill i- 17. 

 above the level of the sea. Lord's Seat, to the east of the pri; 

 ridge of the Peuuiue chain, is above 1700 feet high. This 

 divides tho basin of the Mersey from that of the Trent, one of tint 

 large system of rivers which has the Humber for its mstuary. FIMIII 

 this the principal ridge of the chain, lateral ridge* ] i . . 1. on,- ..I" 

 which, branching from the principal ridge near Axe-Edge Hill and 

 running south-east, separates the basin of the Derwent from that of 

 the Dove. The ridge which forms the eastern boundary of the 

 of the Derwent, and which extends in a winding course about sixty- 

 seven miles, does not wholly belong to Derbyshire. It branches oil' 

 from the Pennine chain, in Yorkshire, and approaching the border of 

 that county towards Derbyshire, runs along the boundary, then enters 

 Derbyshire, and proceeds in a south-eastern direction across th. 

 moors of the county into Nottinghamshire. In this ridge is the hill 

 called Ox Stones, 1377 feet hifih, lxtw,,n Shetli.-ld (Yorkshire) and 

 Hathersage. Alport or Orpit Hill, south-east of \\ii k^worth, is 980 

 feet high. 



The whole district of the Derbyshire highlands called the 

 I'.-iik i- an .-1. -\ated area, rising at intervals into a succession of lofty 

 hill.*, intersected by numerous narrow valleys. The hills are n. 



.ir covered with a thin mossy verdure iuU-nningl, .1 

 with gray rock. Some of the peak-hills rise to a great height : Ashop 

 Moor is stated to be 1880 feet and the peak 2000 feet above the level 

 of the sea. Tho valleys are frequently richly wood .1 ami of great 

 picturesque beauty. The broadest aud the deepest valleys are in tin- 

 higher i>arts of tho Peak. The picturesque beauty of the vail 

 increased by the frequently precipitous character of the hills or rod* 

 which bound them. Matlock High Tor aud other rocks in Matlock 

 Dale, and the rocks which skirt some ports of tin- vull.-y ..f th. 

 ore of this precipitous character. In the smaller and narrowi-: 

 the projections of one side have frequently corresponding recesseH on 

 the other. 



The iv, not 1 1, rbynhire rise mostly in the north-western and more 

 elevated part of the county, and have a course towards the. south or 

 south-east. This is tho case with the Derweut and its principal 

 affluent the Wye, with the Dove, whii-h U the boundary ri\ 

 Staffordshire and Derbyshire, and those of it* tributoric.* which belong 

 to the latter c. unit v. fn the eastern port of the county about CI 

 field, which is separated from the other parts by the ridge of highland 

 which bounds on the east side tho valley of the Derwent, the direction 

 of the stream thatdraius it (the Roth, i ; is north-east In the ex' 

 north-west there are a few streams that flow westward into the Etherow 

 or Goyt, and so into the Mersey. 



Tin- ]>t,-v :\ place called ' the Trough,' on th. 1. 



of Yorkshire and Derbyshire, where the principal ridge of the I'eiii.i:!.- 

 chain enters the lalUT county, and has a south-south-easterly e 



