749 



DHALAC. 



DIEPPE. 



750 



success which accompanied his preaching the place of his residence 

 received the name of Duisborougb, ' God's town.' In the vicarage 

 garden, near the church, are some Saxon tombs : other Saxon relics 

 have been found. At the east end of the chancel outside the church 

 is a cross, inscribed "Paulinus hie pncdicavit et celebravit, A.D. 627." 

 This cross is a recent erection, but it is a fac-simile of a Saxon wheel- 

 cross which formerly stood in the same place. The inscription is 

 supposed to refer to the conversion of Edwin, king of Northumbria, 

 with his court, by the preaching of Paulinus in 627. 



The town of Dewsbury is pleasantly situated : the increasing 

 importance of its manufactures has caused a great extension of the 

 buildings and much improvement in the general aspect of the place ; 

 there are numerous good streets, and the town is lighted with gas. 

 A new court-house has been recently erected, in which petty sessions 

 and a county court are held. 



The parish church of All Saints, Dewsbury, is an ancient structure : 

 part of the building having fallen about the middle of last century 

 it was rebuilt in conformity with the original style. A new church 

 at the west end of the town is in the perpendicular style. The 

 Baptists, Independents, Wesleyan and New Connexion Methodists, 

 Quakers, and Roman Catholics have places of worship. There are 

 here a Grammar school, National, Wesleyan, and Infant schools, a 

 mechanics institution, and several subscription libraries and news- 

 room*. 



Wednesday and Saturday are the market-days, the Saturday market 

 the most important. Three fairs are held in the course of 

 the year. The town is conveniently situated for manufacturing 

 operations. There are extensive establishments for the manufacture 

 of blankets, carpets, and inferior descriptions of woollen cloth ; 

 worsted yarn manufactories ; and wool-carding establishments. 

 Wool-stapling, iron-founding, tanning, malting, and nail-making are 

 extensively carried on. Several corn-mills and lime-works are in the 

 neighbourhood. 



(Allen, History of TorTahire ; Baines, Directory of Yorkshire.) 



DHALAC, an island in the Red Sea, situated in 15 53' 50" N. lat., 

 40 40' 30" E. long., is about 35 miles long and 18 miles wide. It is 

 the largest island in the Red Sea. It ia low and its surface level, 

 being formed of coralline rocks covered with sand, but destitute of all 

 herbage during the summer heat, except a small quantity of bent- 

 grass just sufficient to feed the few antelopes and goats that are on 

 the island. In many places there are large plantations of acacia-trees, 

 but they seldom attain above eight feet in height. There are no 

 springs, and the rain-water is preserved in numerous cisterns. There 

 are also some tanks. This island contains two harbours for small 

 vessels, Dhalac el Kibeer and Dobelow. No kind of agriculture is 

 carried on. According to Bruce, one-half of the male population of 

 the island are always employed in work on the opposite shores of 

 Arabia, and by their labour furnish their families with dhurra and 

 other provisions ; when their time is expired they are relieved by the 

 other half. They are good seamen and fishermen. Very elegant 

 baskets are made of the leaves of the doum-tree, and sent to Loheiha 

 mid Jidda. The island contains 12 villages of from 50 to 100 houses 

 each. (London Geographical Journal, vol. v.) 



DHAR, a small state in the province of Malwa, Hindustan, in 

 22 35' N. lat., 75 20' E. long. The city of Dhar covers a space 

 three-quarters of a mile long and half a mile broad, is surrounded 

 1 >y a mud wall 30 feet high fortified with towers, and is the resi- 

 dence of the raja. The pettah or fort is detached from the city, and 

 Is on a rising ground. The district in the possession of the Dhar 

 raja comprehends about 1070 square miles, containing a population of 

 104,860. The state was taken under British protection hi 1819 on 

 condition of allegiance and military service ; at that time the whole 

 revenue of the Dhar raja, then a minor, was only 35,000 rupees ; it is 

 :i >w about 475,000 rupees, or about 47,500^. The most important 

 article of cultivation is opium, but the soil is capable of yielding every 

 kind of tropical production. Some of the villages are inhabited by 

 1'iheels ; of the remaining population by far the larger part are 

 Hindoos; there are a few Mohammedans. 



DIARBEKR, or DIYAR-BEKR, a town in Turkish Armenia, is 

 situated on a commanding eminence of black basalt at a distance of 

 55 miles S.E. from Kharput and about 80 miles N.E. from Urfah, in 

 37 55J N. lat., 39 52' E. long. It stands at a short distance from 

 the right bank of the Tigris, the intervening space being occupied by 

 gardens. The area of the town is considerable and nearly circular in 

 form ; the walls, which are pierced by four gates, are lofty and sub- 

 utial, built of the ruins of more ancient edifices, surmounted by a 

 castellated parapet, and strengthened by numerous round and square 

 towers, which are most thickly placed on the northern side. Formerly 

 the town was inhabited by 40,000 families; had extensive manufac- 

 tures, especially of cotton goods ; and carried on a very active com- 

 merce with India through Baghdad, and with Europe through Aleppo. 

 But the fertile plain in which it stands, and which was cultivated in 

 every part and studded with villages of 400 to 500 houses each, has in 

 the nresRnt century been laid waste by the Kurds; the commerce 

 with Baghdad was annihilated, and that with Aleppo reduced to 

 insignificance. Still it contains about 8000 families (1500 are Arnie- 

 . 85 Catholic, 70 Greek, 50 Jewish, and 6300 Turkish), and some 

 manufactures of cotton, silk, and morocco leather. The town is 



admirably situated for commerce, and to restore its prosperity nothing 

 is required but to secure safe communication with Baghdad and 

 Aleppo. The Tigris cannot be used as a means of transport so high 

 up as Diyar-Bekr, but rafts of timber are sometimes floated down 

 from the mountains above the town. The streets of Diyar-Bekr are 

 well built and well paved, but narrow, as in most hot climates. The 

 houses generally are built in their lower stories with black basalt and 

 in the upper with dark-coloured brick. The principal buildings are 

 the 20 mosques, 15 khans, the bazaars, 20 baths, and the citadel, 

 built on the highest part of the rock above the river in the north-east 

 part of the town, in which the pasha formerly resided. The citadel 

 is now in ruins ; its site commands a most extensive view, including 

 the Karajah-Dagh to the west, the Moosh-Dagh to the north, the 

 plain of the Upper Tigris, the Mardin hills to the south-east, and the 

 plain of Urfah on the south. [ARMENIA.] The climate is very hot 

 in summer ; in winter it is delightful. 



Diyar-Bekr occupies the site of the ancient Amida, which is said to 

 have been of great antiquity. The Turks still call Diyar-Bekr by the 

 name of Kara Amid, or Black Amid, in allusion to the material of 

 which it is built. Amida was enlarged and strengthened by the 

 emperor Constantius, in whose reign it was taken by Sapor, the 

 Persian king, in 359. The Persians again took it under their king 

 Cabades, 502 ; but the Romans soon recovered it again, and Justinian 

 repaired the walls and fortifications. The town was pillaged and burnt 

 by Tamerlane, 1393. The kings of Persia in after times frequently 

 rendered themselves masters of it. Sultan Selim took it from Shah 

 Ismael, and made it the capital of a province in 1515. The Persians 

 again held it for several years subsequent to 1605. 



Diyar-Bekr was formerly the name of an extensive pashalic or 

 province of Turkey in Asia, comprising the basin of the Upper Tigris, 

 and stretching from the Euphrates to the mountains of Kurdistan, 

 between 37 and 39 N. lat. Its principal towns were Diyar-Bekr, 

 Mardin, and Urfah or Orfah. The town is now included in the 

 pashalic of Kharput or Erz-Rum, we do not know which. A British 

 consul resides in Diyar-Bekr. 



(London Oeog. Journal, vol. vi. ; Buckingham, Travels; Ammianus 

 Marcellinus ; Procopius ; Gibbon, Decline and Fall.) 



DIDCOT. [BERKSHIRE.] 



DIE. [DROME.] 



DIE, ST. [VosoES.] 



DIEMEN'S LAND. [VAN DIEMEN'S LAND.] 



DIEPPE, a sea-port and bathing town in France, capital of the 

 second arrondissement in the department of Seme-IufeYieure, is 

 situated on the south coast of the English Channel, at the mouth of 

 a small river formed by the junction of the Arques, the BcHhune, and 

 the Eaulne, in 49 55' 35" N. lat., 1 4' 52" E. long., arid has 16,216 

 inhabitants within the commune. The town lies N. of Rouen and 

 N.N.W. of Paris, and is 38 miles and 125 miles distant by railway 

 from these cities respectively. 



The town extends about a mile along the coast, having the harbour 

 at the north-east end, and the castle, which stands on a tall chalk cliff 

 and commands the town and the harbour, to the westward. It is 

 regularly built ; the streets are wide and well paved with round stones ; 

 the houses are picturesque, built of brick and stone, with high slanting 

 roofs. The principal street, called the Grand Rue, runs right through 

 the town to the harbour ; it contains the best hotels, and presents in 

 the bathing season a busy and animated appearance. There are six 

 Places, or squares, and two interesting churches, St. -Jacques and 

 St.-Remi. Dieppe has a public library, a theatre, assembly- 

 rooms, and a splendid bathing establishment ; 68 fountains adorn 

 the streets, which are supplied by an aqueduct 3 miles long. The 

 castle is an irregular pile of considerable extent. The town walls 

 are yet standing, but Dieppe is not a fortress. The port, which is 

 formed by two jetties and defended by the castle, is sufficiently large 

 and secure, but the entrance is narrow ; it admits vessels of 600 tons. 

 There is a lighthouse on the western jetty. 



The population of the suburb of Pollet, which lies to the east of the 

 town and is joined to it by a flying bridge, are all engaged in the 

 herring, oyster, and cod fisheries. The quantity of herrings cured 

 has in some years amounted to 36,000 barrels, and of mackerel to 

 12,000 barrels. There are sugar-refineries, rope- walks, paper-mills, 

 and ship-building yards in the town. Fine linen, lace, and articles of 

 ornament in bone, horn, shell-work, and ivory are made. Wine, 

 brandy, vinegar, salt, nails, iron, steel, millstones, and colonial pro- 

 duce also enter into the commerce of the town. The coasting trade is 

 active. Fishing boats and coasting vessels are built. Steamers ply 

 daily to Brighton in Sussex. The number of vessels of all kinds 

 that entered and left the harbour in 1852 was 2017, with cargoes 

 amounting to 191,021 tons. 



Dieppe has tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a chamber 

 of commerce, a college, and a school of navigation. It is rather a 

 favourite landing-place with tourists between France and England; 

 but in this respect it is far surpassed by Boulogne and Calais. The 

 railroad to Rouen however still throws a good share of this source 

 of profit into the town. The most interesting places in the neigh- 

 bourhood are an ancient camp attributed to Caesar, and now called 

 La Citd des Limes ; and the ruins of the castle of Arques, near which 

 Henri IV. defeated the Duke of Mayeuue. 



