767 



DOGGERBANK. 



DOMINICA. 



758 



catavothra in the country. The temple at Dodona was dedicated to 

 Jupiter, and was of Pelasgian origin. (Homer, 'Iliad,' xvi. 233; 

 Herod, ii. 52.) Strabo is of opinion (vii. p. 328) that the priests at this 

 temple were originally men, but that the duties of the office were 

 afterwards performed by three old women. The people who had the 

 management of the temple are called Selli or Helli. The oracles were 

 delivered from an oak (Sophocles, ' Trachin.' 1171) or beech (Hesiod, 

 'ap. Strabon.' p. 327; Sophocles, 'Trach.' 173). The temple at 

 Dodona was entirely destroyed by Dosimachus, the ^Etolian praetor, 

 B.C. 219 (Polyb. iv. 67), and probably was never restored, for it did 

 not exist in the time of Strabo ; but there was a town of the name in 

 the 7th century A.D., and a bishop of Dodona is mentioned in the 

 council of Ephesus. (Stephanua Byzant inus ; Wesseling ; Creuzer ; 

 Leake, Northern Grcect.) 



DOGGERBANK, a very extensive sandbank in the North Sea, 

 lying between the east coast of England and the west coast of Holland, 

 and situated between the Wellbank and the Broad-fourteen. The 

 western part of the Doggerbank is about twelve leagues east from 

 Flamborough Head, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, whence the bank 

 extends in a direction nearly east-north-east to within twenty leagues 

 of Jutland. In some places this bank is twenty leagues broad, but it 

 is contracted towards the east, and terminates nearly in a point. The 

 shoalest part is that nearest the English coast, where it has nine 

 fathoms water, so that it present* no dangers or difficulties to navi- 

 gators ; in other parts the surface risea generally towards the centre ; 

 in somn places the depth of water is as great as twenty-seven fathoms. 



The Doggerbank is a noted station for the cod-fishery, and is much 

 frequented by both English and Dutch fishermen. It is also known 

 in history as the scene of an obstinate naval engagement which took 

 place in the summer of 1781 between the English and Dutch fleets 

 under the respective commands of Admirals Parker and Zoutman. 

 The disabled condition of the ships on both sides put an end to the 

 battle, in which neither side could claim a victory. 



DOQMAELS, ST. [PEMBROKESHIRE.] 



DOL. [iLLE-ET-VlLAIBE.] 



DOLCIGNO, or DULCIGNO, a town in Upper Albania, 12 miles 

 W. from Scutari, is situated on the rocky peninsula or cape of Kadili, 

 on the coast of the Adriatic, and has a population of about 6000. 

 The inhabitants, who were formerly notorious for piracy, are chiefly 

 engaged in the oil-trade of the neighbourhood, and in conveying to 

 Scutari in lighters the cargoes of such coasting-vessels as cannot enter 

 the Bojana, which forms the outlet of the lake of Scutari. This town, 

 or perhaps Dulcigno Vecchie, which is five or six miles more to the 

 north, was anciently called Olcinium. The Illyrians of Olcinium were 

 also pirate*. 



DOLE, a town in the department of Jura in France, stands on the 

 right bank of the Doubs, a feeder of the Saftne, at a distance of 221 

 miles 8.E. from Paris on the road to Geneva, 28 miles S.E. from Dijon, 

 in 47 5' 33" N. Int, 5 29' 52" E. long., and has 9913 inhabitants, 

 including the commune. It is pleasantly situated on the crest and 

 slope of a hill ; the streets are rather steep, but well built, and 

 ornamented with fountains ; and the neighbourhood is prettily laid 

 out in gardens, vineyards, and promenades. The parish church on 

 the Place Royale is a handsome gothic building. The ancient tower 

 of Vergy still stands, and is now used as a prison. The other remark- 

 able buildings are the new prison, the former Jesuit college, the 

 court-house, the museum, and the bridge over the Doubs. The town 

 has tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a college, a public 

 library of above 6000 volumes, a museum, a school of design, several 

 hospitals, and a theatre. It is well situated for trade on the canal that 

 joins the Rhdne and Rhine. Hosiery, tiles and pottery, chemical pro- 

 ducts, vinegar, and beer are manufactured ; there are also iron-smelting 

 furnaces supplied with ore from the neighbouring mines of the Jura, 

 flour-mills, and establishments for the rearing of silkworms ; corn, 

 flour, wine, wood, charcoal, marble, and iron enter into the commerce 

 of the town. Large quantities of roses, tulips, and other flowers are 

 grown in the vicinity. A railway has been projected from Dijon 

 through Dole to Satins near the Swiss frontier. A ruined aqueduct 

 and amphitheatre, and some remains of the old Roman road from 

 Lyon to the Rhine, mark the place as having been a Roman station. 



The town formerly belonged to the dukes of Burgundy, and is 

 famous for its sieges. In 1435 the inhabitants gallantly repulsed the 

 Duke of Bonrbon, who wished to wrest the place from Mary of Bur- 

 gundy ; but in 1479 the French took it by treachery, massacred the 

 inhmbitanta, and burnt the town. Of the few buildings that escaped 

 this destruction the tower of Vergy alone still exists. D61e afterwards 

 came into the hands of the Spaniards with the rest of Franche-Comtd, 

 of which it was for some time the capital. Charles V. added to the 

 fortifications in 1530. In 1638 it was fiercely but ineffectually 

 besieged by the Prince of Conde" ; Louis XIV. took it in 1668, and 

 again in 1674, when he demolished the fortifications. By the treaty 

 of Nimeguen the town, together with the whole of Franche-Comte', 

 was made over to France. 



imnaire de la Prune*.) 



DOLOELLEY, Merionethshire, North Waled, an assize and market- 

 town, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Dolgelley, 

 is situated on the left bank of the river Wnion, in 62 44' N. lat., 

 8" 52' W. long. ; distant 18 miles S.W. by S. from Bala, and 208 miles 



N.W. by W. from London by road. The population of the town of 

 Dolgelley in 1851 was 2041. The living is a rectory in the arch- 

 deaconry of Merioneth and diocese of Bangor. Dolgelley Poor-Law 

 Union contains 13 parishes and townships, with an area "of 132,270 

 acres, and a population in 1851 of 12,909. 



The town of Dolgelley is but a poor and mean place, although, 

 when seen from a distance, it presents an agreeable and interesting 

 appearance. Its beauty is chiefly owing to the picturesque character 

 of the surrounding scenery. Several good houses and shops have 

 been recently built. The parish church is a neat and unpretending 

 structure ; it has a large tower. A handsome monument has been 

 lately erected to Baron Richards, who was a native of the parish. 

 The Wesleyan and Calvinistic Methodists. Baptists, and Independents 

 have places of worship in the town. The Free school founded in 

 1665 has an income from endowment of 401. a year, and had 20 

 scholars in 1853. The county hall is a convenient modern structure 

 built of stone, near the river Wnion. The market-place is a low 

 square building. Over the river Wnion is a neat stone bridge of 

 7 arches. 



In the town coarse woollen cloths and flannels arc made by weavers 

 in their own houses. The webs are bought by agents, who send them 

 to Liverpool for exportation, or to Shrewsbury for home sale. In 

 the neighbourhood are fulling-mills and bleaehiug-grounds. Some 

 business is done in tanning aud dressing lambskins and kidskins for 

 the Worcester market. The summer assizes are held at Dolgelley. 

 Markets are held on Tuesday and Saturday ; and there are nine fairs 

 iu the course of the year. 



(Parry, Cambrian Guide; Land We Live In, vol. iii.) 



DOLLART BAY. [E.MS.] 



DOLWYDDELLAN. [CAERNARVONSHIRE.] 



DOMBES, a principality in France in aute-revolutionary times, 

 consisted of two portions separated from each other by an intervening 

 part of the district of Bresse, by which the eastern portion was 

 entirely surrounded. The western portion was bounded W. by the 

 Saone ; S. by the districts of Franc-Lyonnois and Bresse ; and N. aud 

 E. by Bresse. It is now comprehended in the department of the 

 Ain. Its capital was Tr<5voux. Dombes was possessed and governed 

 by sovereign princes of the house of Bourbon until the year 1762, 

 when the reigning prince exchanged his principality for the duchy of 

 Gisors in Normandy, and other lands. Dombes was then united to 

 the crown ; but retained its ' parlement,' or civil court, which sat in 

 TriSvoux. [Am.] 



DOMINGO, ST. [HISPASIOLA.] 



DOMINI'CA, one of the English Antilles, but lying between the 

 French islands of Martinique and Guadaloupe : the parallel of 15 18' 

 N. lat., and the meridian of 61 24' W. long, pass through the island. 

 Dominica was discovered by Columbus in 1493, aud received its name 

 iu consequence of its being first seen on a Sunday. The right of 

 occupancy was long claimed equally by England, Spain, and France, 

 but the island was virtually a kind of nevitral ground until the year 

 1759, when its possession was assumed by the English, and their right 

 to hold it was formally recognised in 1763 by the treaty of Paris. In 

 1778 Dominica was taken by a French squadron under the Marquis 

 de BoaiHe", but was restored to England at the peace iu 1783. In 

 1805 the island was again attacked by the French fleet under Admiral 

 Villeneuve, but was successfully defended by the garrison under Sir 

 George Prevost. 



Dominica is 28 miles long and 16 miles broad at the widest pr;t; 

 but its mean breadth is not more than 9 miles. The area is computed 

 at 260 square miles. The origin of the island is volcanic. Pumice- 

 stone, sulphur, aud other volcanic productions are found. There arc 

 numerous quarries of a volcanic lava, sufficiently durable for the 

 purpose of ordinary buildings, which are worked for the use of the 

 colony. The surface of the island is mountainous. Morne Diablotin, 

 the highest summit, is 5300 feet above the sea. The valleys are very 

 fertile, and watered by numerous streams. Near the centre of the 

 island, and about 6 miles from the town of Roseau, on the top of a 

 high mountain, is a fresh-water lake, with an area of several acres, 

 and said to be in parts unfathomable. Tho island contains an abun- 

 dance of larga timber-trees of the kinds commonly found in the West 

 India Islands ; the trunks of the gum-trees are hollowed out to form 

 canoes. The streams abound with excellent fish, among which are 

 mullets, pike, eels, and cray-fish ; the fishery on the coast is also very 

 productive. 



The principal produce of Dominica consists of sugar, molasses, rum, 

 coffee, cocoa, oranges, and cotton. Tho island is unequally divided 

 into 10 parishes. Roseau, the principal town, is situated on a tongue 

 of land on the south-west side of the island, in 15 19' N. lat., 61 2S' 

 W. long. It is regularly built, with long and wide paved streets, 

 which intersect each other at right angles. ,The population is about 

 4000. The roadstead is safe, although the anchorage is far from 

 good, from October to August ; but during the hurricane months a 

 heavy sea frequently rolls in from the south. Prince Rupert's 

 Bay, on the north-west side of the island, is at all times safe aud 

 commodious. 



The population in 1844 was 22,200. The government consists of a 

 lieutenant-governor, council, and assembly of 20 members. There are 

 chapels for Episcopalians, Wesleyau Methodists, and Roman Catholics 



