601 



DRAMMEN. 



DRESDEN. 



S02 



wax candles, and earthenware : there are many oil-mills iii the town. 

 The environs (which are peculiarly delightful in winter) produce 

 excellent fruit and wines. Draguiguau has a public library of 15,000 

 volumes, a cabinet of medals, a museum of natural history, containing 

 chiefly the minerals of the department, a botanic garden (which is 

 beautifully laid out and open as a promenade), a high school, and an 

 agricultural society. 



DRAMMEN, a sea-port town of Norway, in the province of 

 Aggerhuus, is situated on both sides of the broad and impetuous 

 river of tne same name, which here discharges its waters into the 

 Drainmenfjord, in the Gulf of Christiania. The town stands in 

 59 44' N. lat., 10 12' E. long., 24 miles S.W. from the city of 

 Christiania, and has about 12,000 inhabitants. It is divided "into 

 three quarters, of which Bragnaes is situated on the northern, and 

 Stroemsoe and Tangen on the southern bank of the river : they are 

 united by a bridge. Bragnaes consists of a row of houses about a 

 mile in length. The main streets are chiefly composed of storehouses. 

 Tangen is in fact the roadstead and landiug-place, and is consequently 

 the resort of mariners, fishermen, and small dealers. Drammen has 

 a parish church, two other churches, several schools, and manufactures 

 of spirits, leather, tobacco, sail-cloth, oil, ropes, &c. It is extensively 

 engaged in trade and navigation, in building ships, and in the export 

 of timber, deals, pitch, iron, &c. The water in the harbour is of 

 depth sufficient to allow all vessels to lie alongside the quays and 

 other landing-places. There are marble quarries in the vicinity. 



I >K ' VE. [AUSTRIA, vol. i., col. 719.] 



DRAYTON-IN-HALES, or MARKET-DRAYTON, Shropshire, a 

 market-town and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of 

 Drayton-in-Hales, is situated in 52 54' N. lat., 2 28' W. long. ; 

 distant 19 miles N.E. by N. from Shrewsbury, and 153 miles N.W. 

 from London by road. The population of the parish, a portion of 

 which U in Staffordshire, was 4947 in 1851. The borough is governed 

 by a mayor and corporation. The living is a vicarage in the arch- 

 deaconry of Salop and diocese of Lichfield. Drayton Poor-Law Union 

 contains 14 parishes and townships, with an area of 61,637 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 14.160. 



The town of Market-Drayton i* watered by the river Tern. The 

 market held in Drayton was formerly one of the largest in the district, 

 but after the formation of canals the facilities afforded for conveying 

 produce to various parts of the country diminished considerably the 

 importance of this market. The town is lighted with gas. The 

 parish church, built in the reign of Stephen, had its architectural 

 character quite altered by repairs in 1787. Christ church, Little 

 Drnyton, is a district church recently erected. Its style is early 

 English ; the seats, which are free, will accommodate 600 persons. 

 The Independents and Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists have places 

 of worship. There are here a Free Grammar school with an endow- 

 ment of about Z51. per annum, at which the number of scholars in 

 1853 was 40; a National school, for which a handsome and commo- 

 dious Elizabethan structure was erected in 1836; a savings bank; 

 and a young men's society, which has a library and reading-room. 



Drayton has some manufactures ; it has a paper-mill, and hair seats 

 for chairs are made ; but the population of the locality is chiefly agricul- 

 tural. The market-days are Wednesday and Saturday : several fairs 

 are held in the course of the year. A county court is held in the 

 town. 



(Communication from Market-Drayton.) 



DRENTHE, a province in the kingdom of Holland, is bounded N. 

 by Groningen, E. by Hanover, S. by Overyssel, and W. by Friesland. 

 It lies between 52 35' and 53 12' N. lat., 6 5' and 7 5' E. long. 

 The area is 1029 square miles, and the population in 1852 was 

 86,735. The general character of the soil is bad. In fact out of 

 the 658,648 acres which the province contains only 338,221 acres are 

 capable of cultivation ; 317,580 acres consist of heaths, bogs, and 

 marshes, and the remainder is covered with canals, brooks, roads, and 

 buildings. Agriculture, pasturage, and digging and exporting peat 

 form the chief employment of the population. The province lies on 

 each slope of the watershed between the Zuider-Zee and Dollart's 

 Bay. Several small streams rise in it ; the most important of them 

 is the Haventer-Aa, along part of which the canal from Meppel to 

 Assen runs. There are no towns in the province. Assen, the capital, 

 is a village of 1800 inhabitants, 16 miles S. from the city of Groningen. 

 Ilonofdtn, a strong fortress in the south of the province, stands on a 

 feeder of the Vecht, and has a population of 2200. The pauper 

 colonies of Fredericksoord and Willemsoord were established in 1818 

 on the western border of the province : in these establishments a 

 great number of paupers are employed by the state in reclaiming and 

 cultivating the waste lands, in brick-making, spinning, weaving, and 

 various handicrafts. 



DRESDEN, the capital of tho kingdom of Saxony, is situated in 

 the circle of Meissen, on both banks of the Elbe, in 51 6' N. lat., 

 13 41' E. long., at an elevation of about 410 feet above the level of 

 the sea, 116 miles by railway S. by E. from Berlin, 72 miles E. by S. 

 from Leipzig, 303 miles N.N.W. from Vienna by railway through 

 liriinn f.ad Prague, and has a population according to the census of 

 1852 of 104,500, including the military who number about 12,000. 

 The fine plain in which it stands is bounded on the east by eminences 

 which are offsets from tho Sxon Switzerland, and are mostly 



OEOO. DIV. VOL. H. 



crowned with vineyards and gardens : on the south and south- 

 west there are similar elevations, which spring fr9m the Erz- 

 gebirge. Westward lies the beautifully romantic ' Vale of Rocks," or 

 'Plauische Gruud," through which the Weiseritz flows before it 

 traverses part of Dresden and falls into the Elbe. On the north- 

 western side of the city the Elbe winds round an enclosure planted 

 with avenues of trees^and on the north the distance is bounded by a 

 succession of hills, in general covered with firs and pines. Dresden 

 is one of the most agreeable and interesting capitals in Europe, and 

 well deserves the appellation of the ' German Florence.' It is divided 

 into three parts ; on the left bank of the Elbe is the Altstadt, or Old 

 Town, with its three suburbs, and the Friedrichs-stadt, which is 

 separated from the Altstadt by the Weiseritz : these two quarters 

 form by far the larger portion of the city, and are disjoined from 

 the third, or the Neustadt (New Town) by the Elbe, which is here 

 480 feet in breadth, and crossed by an elegant stone bridge of 16 

 arches. In continuation of the New Town, there are some later 

 erections, called the ' Neue Anbau," or New Buildings, which form a 

 kind of suburb. The space gained by levelling the fortifications in 

 the years 1810 and 1817 has been appropriated to gardens, promenades, 

 and building. 



Dresden has altogether 11 barriers or gate-entrances, 27 public 

 squares, 20 churches (of which 13 are for Lutherans, 1 for Reformed 

 Lutherans, and 6 for Roman Catholics) and 5 synagogues. The 

 houses are principally built of Pirna freestone, and in general are 

 from five to six stories in height. The Altstadt, sometimes called 

 Old Dresden, has 4 squares and 41 streets. The most interesting 

 structure in this quarter is the Royal Palace, an irregular gothie 

 building 1300 paces in circuit, which faces the west side of the 

 bridge. The chief parts of this edifice are the royal audience chamber ; 

 tho Roman Catholic church of the royal family, which is surmounted 

 by a tower and steeple 378 feet in height, and is adorned with 

 paintings by Rubens and Mengs ; the chamber of ceremony on tho 

 second floor, the porcelain-cabinet, the walls of which are ornamented 

 with porcelain ; the Proposition-Saal, in which the sessions of the 

 Saxon legislature are opened ; the royal library ; the hall of audience, 

 with a splendid ceiling painted by Sylvester ; and the parade-chamber, 

 with paintings by the same master. The celebrated Griine-Gewolbe 

 (Green Vault) opens upon the palace-yard, and contains a costly 

 collection of precious stones, pearls, and works of art in gold, silver, 

 amber, and ivory, arranged in eight rooms, the painting of which is 

 green, and the walls are decorated with mirrors laid into compart- 

 ments of marble and serpentine stoue. This collection, which was 

 begun by king Augustus, and has been gradually increased by his 

 successors, is estimated at above oue million sterling in value. Close 

 to the palace are tho chancery buildings, the depository for the 

 national archives, and the Stallgebiiude, which contains the cabinet of 

 casts and models and the picture gallery. This building formerly also 

 contained a gallery of arms with upwards of 20,000 specimens of 

 armour, weapons, &c., principally from all ages in Saxon and German 

 history, ancient and modem ; but these are now deposited in the 

 Zwinger, which is noticed below. The picture gallery, in the upper 

 story of the building, is composed of the outer gallery, which runs 

 round the four sides of the Stallgebiiude, the inner gallery towards 

 the yard, and the Pastell-cabinet. The outer gallery contains above 

 500 paintings of the Flemish school, 90 paintings of the Italian, and 

 many of the French and German schools : the inner gallery is 

 occupied by 356 specimens of the Italian school; and the Pastell- 

 cabinet comprises 150 paintings of various masters. A new building 

 was in course of erection for the reception of these pictures three or 

 four years ago. Near the Stallgebiiude stands the Palace of Princes, in 

 which are a handsome chapel, a gallery of portraits of princes of the 

 Saxon and Bavarian lines, a porcelain cabinet, a library of 10,000 

 volumes, and a cabinet of engravings. A covered way leads from 

 this pa'ace to the opera-house, where there is space on the stage for 

 500 performers, and in the house itself for 8000 spectators. The 

 adjoining square is called the Zwinger, three sides of which are 

 occupied by six pavilions connected by a gallery one story high ; the 

 quadrangle contains four fountains and 300 orange-trees. The six 

 pavilions, which are profusely ornamented, contain a museum of 

 natural history, consisting of four galleries and six saloons ; a cabinet 

 of engravings, comprising above 250,000 plates, arranged in classes ; 

 and a historical museum, or armoury, one of the finest collections of 

 the kind in Europe, consisting of arms, weapons, warlike instru- 

 ments, accoutrements, and trappings of all kinds, arranged in nine 

 apartments. 



The other buildings of note in the Old Town are the Briihl Palace, 

 which is the principal depository for the Meissen china ; and behind 

 it are spacious gardens and grounds commanding delightful views of 

 the banks of the Elbe and the surrounding scenery. Immediately 

 adjacent are the hall, in which there is an annual exhibition of the 

 productions of Saxon artists ; the Academy of Arts and School of 

 Design ; and the Gallery of Duplicates, in which there are 250 paint- 

 ings for which there was not sufficient room in the Great Gallery, and 

 the celebrated tapestries worked after Raphael's designs. _ On one side 

 of the square of the Frauenkirche is the Mint ; and adjoining it the 

 Arsenal, which contains a valuable collection of every kind of arms, 

 and in one of the apartments the portraits of all tho Saxon sovereigns 



3 F 



