DRK- 



PRIFKII'I.n. 



from Mauri<v to the present time*. Facing the Anenal lUndi the 

 Academical Building, now used for a medical and surgical school; 

 below it there is a subterraneous ball decorated with paintings by 

 Francisco Casanova. In the Pirna-street ii the Honn of Aawmbly, 

 a building of two stories, where the fltatiai hold their sittings and 

 committees. The only handsome square in the Old Town u the Old 

 Market Place, of which the town-hall is the great ornament In this 

 direction lie also the Botanical Garden, New Port-Office, the Trade*' 

 Hall with iU colonnade, the Treasury, German theatre, two royal villas 

 with fine garden* and chapelt, the Observatory and grounds attached, 

 the Mewi and Hiding School, Military Hospital and gardens, and the 

 Orphan Asylum and church. The most remarkable churches in the 

 Old Town are the Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady), built in 1726, 

 after the model of 8k Peter's at Rome ; the KreuUkirehc, or the 

 Church of the Cross, a parallelogram, surmounted by a steeple 805 

 feet in height; the Protestant church of St. Sophia, an irregular 

 structure, erected in 1S51 ; and the Roman Catholic or court church 

 before mentioned, which contains the vaults for the royal family, 

 beside* a multitude of paintings, statues, monuments, earrings, 

 altars, Ac. 



Three suburbs are connected with the Old Town by moans of as 

 many avenues the Pirna, See or Dohna, and Wildsruf suburbs. The 

 first of these, which extends from the banks of the Kibe to the Kaidiz 

 Brook, has a long street in which is a royal palace with delightful 

 grounds attached to it The Botanical Oarden, belonging to the 

 Medical School, is close adjoining ; and likewise Maurice's Avenue, on 

 part of the site of the former fortifications, and named from a piece 

 of sculpture representing Maurice, the elector, delivering his sword to 

 Augustus. In front of the external entrance into the Pirna suburb 

 is the Great Oarden, which is nearly five miles in circuit ; and to the 

 right lies the Nursery of Fruit Trees, which contains upwards of 

 05,000 plants, and a building in the centre where concerts nre held 

 every week. The See suburb covers the south-west and the Wildsruf 

 the western side of the Old Town. From the last-mentioned suburb 

 is an avenue called the Ostra-Allee, on one side of which are Prince 

 Maximilian's palace, gardens, and observatory : this avenue opens 

 upon a massive bridge across the Weueritz which leads to the 

 Frii-lrichs-etadt, the second grand quarter of Dresden, between which 

 and the Elbe are the wooded grounds called the Ostra-Gehege. II. r- 

 are the Roman Catholic cemetery and infirmary, in which is Balthazar 

 Permoser's monument to his own memory, chiselled by himself, and 

 repreeuuting the Descent from the Cross. 



The aoceas from the Old Town to the New Town, the third grand 

 quarter of the city, which lies to the north-east on the right bank of 

 the Elbe, is across the palace square and stone bridge before men- 

 tioned, called the Bridge of the Elbe, from its being the largest and 

 handsomest structure of the kind which traverses that river. It is 

 also denominated Augustus's Bridge, in honour of Augustus II., it< 

 founder. It rests on 16 arches, is 1420 feet long and 86 feet broad, 

 and was completed in the year 1731. The fourth pier, which was 

 blown up by Marshal Davoust in 1818, wan restored by the Russians 

 in the following year. A bronze-gilt crucifix, resting on a gilt-copper 

 globe placed on a mass of rustic stone about 28 feet in height, stands 

 upon the fifth pier. The bridge opens on the New Town side upon 

 an inclosed space planted with lime-trees, and embellished with an 

 equestrian statue of Augustus II. A broad street lined with lime-trees 

 runs from the bridge to the northern extremity of the New Town ; 

 on the western side of it is the Japanese Palace, or Augusteum, and 

 parade in front ; and on the eastern side a range of barracks for the 

 cavalry and infantry. The Augusteum is used as a depository for 

 collections of antiquities, coins, and porcelain manufactures, and for 

 the royal library. The Cabinet of Antiquities, arranged in 12 spacious 

 and well-lighted rooms ; the Cabinet of Coins, rich in the corns of 

 Saxony as well as remarkable for a fine series of medals struck in 

 honour of illustrious individuals of all countries ; and the Cabinet of 

 Porcelain, displayed in 18 rooms, are all on the ground-floor. Tim 

 Boyal Public Library is deposited in 8 saloons and SI apartment* in 

 the first and second stories, and contains 800,000 printed volumes, 

 WOO manuscripts, above 1 50,000 pamphleta, and 20,000 maps. Among 

 these are upwards of 1600 printed books of the 15th century. The 

 terminus of the railway to Leipzig is noar the Augusteum. The New 

 Town also contains a church dedicated to the Most Holy Trinity ; a 

 town-hall; the cadet academy; several military schools; and' th,' 

 commandant' residence. It has 22 streets in all To the north-east 

 of the New Town lies the Neue Anbau (New Buildings), which is 

 occupied by some handsome residences; a playhouse and baths; a 

 bouse of industry ; schools for the indigent and for the garrison of 

 Dresden : and a *paci.ius cemetery. The house for the reception of 

 bodies of unknown person* I* decorated with the Dance of Death, a 

 rude sculpture la stone containing S4 figures. 



Among public establishment* not hitherto noticed are a high school, 

 conducted by It masters and attended by about 400 pupils. Dresden 

 contains altogether 71 establishment* for Protestant education. Tin 

 Catholics hare a high school and wveral other educational ontal.linh- 

 menta. The number of institutions fir the sick and maimed and 

 orphans is 8, including 8 hospitals. There is a variety of learned 

 and other societies. 

 Dresden has no external trade of much importance. It Is a place 



of transit for colonial and other foreign produce from Magdeburg, 

 Hamburg, Ac., and has five general fairs, beside* a yearly fair in June, 

 at which a considerable quantity of wool is sold. The manufactures 

 comprise scientific and musical instrument*, gloves, carpet*, turnery- 

 ware, jewellery, silk and woollen stuffs, straw-hat*, painters' colours, 

 artificial flowers, chemical products, Ac. Morocco and other leather, 

 refined sugar, tobacco, white-lead, tin-ware, glass, stockings, cotton 

 good*, ftc., are also manufactured on a small scale. There is a 

 foundry for bomb-shell* and cannon, and a yearly exhibition, of Saxon 

 manufactures. 



The immediate vicinity of Dresden abounds in place* of public 

 resort, and its environs are full of attractions for strangers. The 

 French 'defeated the allies under the walls of Dresden, August 26th 

 and 27th, 1818. Near the Tillage of Racknitc, about a mile to the 

 south-east of the city, is a block of granite surmounted by a helmet 

 erected on the spot where More** fell by the side of the emperor 

 Alexander. Dresden shared largely in the excitement that prevailed 

 in Kurope after the French revolution of 1848. The second 

 Chamber early in 1849 voted for the adoption of a republican form 

 of government for Germany. A republican insurrection followed ; 

 Dresden was bombarded by Prussian and Saxon troops on the ~, 

 Hay ; and it was not till after three days' fighting that the last of the 

 insurgents were driven out of the town. Small steamers ply on the 

 Elbe upwards to Pillnitc, and downwards to Meissen and Magdeburg. 

 The city has railway and electro-telegraphic communication with 

 Vienna, Paris, Berlin, and all the principal towns of Germany. 

 Dresden sustained some damage in the spring of 1845 in consequence 

 of the inundation of the Elbe. 



llHKUX, an ancient town in France, the capital of the third 

 arrondisaement in the department of Eure-et-Loir, stands 

 Elaine, a tributary of the Eure, 41 miles W. from Paris, in 48 44' 27* 

 N. lat, 1 22' 8" E. long., and has 6451 inhabitants, including the 

 commune. It is partly surrounded by the Blaise, which here divide* 

 into several branches, and enters the Eure a short distance north of 

 the town. Dreux is on the great western road to Aleneon, Laval, 

 Rennes, St-Brieuc, and Brest 



Dreux was known under the Romans by the name Durocasscs, and 

 appears to have been included in the territories of the Canutes. 

 From Durocaases the name was contracted into Drocsj, from which 

 the modern form Dreux is derived. The town with the surrounding 

 district, forming the county of Dreux, was included in the n< 

 tions made by the Northmen in France, but was early taken from 

 them, and became part of the domain of the French crown. Th 

 Norman English burnt the town in A.n. 1188. In December !.''- n 

 severe action was fought in the plain of Dreux, between the 

 Eure and Blaise, between the royal Catholic army, under the constable 

 Moutmorency, and the army of the Calr inista, commanded by the Prince 

 of CondtS and Admiral Coligny. The Calvinista were defeated and 

 the Prince of Condd taken prisoner. In 1593 Dreux, which was in 

 the possession of the party of the League, was taken by Henri IV. 

 after a vigorous resistance of eighteen days. The walls were not re- 

 paired after this event, and the town soon lost its political importance. 



Dreux stands in a pleasant country, and is pretty well built. On a 

 high hill which commands the town are the remains of the an :. nt 

 castle of the counts of Dreux. On the site of these ruins stands the 

 magnificent chapel built by Louis Philippe whilst duke of Orleans, 

 and greatly enlarged and beautified by him during his reign. It was 

 intended to be the final resting-place of the members of his family, 

 and at the accession of the duke to the throne jot France it already 

 contained the remains of the Duke and Duchess of Penthicvr 

 Count of Toulouse, and the Princess de Lamballe, which were brought 

 hither by the care of the Duchess dowager of Orleans, the king's n i 

 whose body is also deposited here. The chapel contain* also the 

 tombs of the Princess Mary and the Duke of Orleans, child- 

 Louis Philippe; the Princess Adelaide, the king's sister, who died 

 December 80, 1847, was the last of the Orleans family burie.i 

 An mormons brick tower, said to be the keep of the old castle 

 above mentioned, was long used as a telegraph establishment mi- 

 old signal system. The town-hall and the parish church are handsome 

 gothic structures ; in the former is the tomb of 1'hilidor, the musical 

 composer and celebrated chess-player, who was a native of Dreux. The 

 inhabitants manufacture serges and woollen hosiery ; they also trade 

 in sheep and cattle. There are tan-yards, iron-foundries, and dye- 

 houses in the town, which has tribunals of first instance and of 

 commerce, a college, and a good hospital. 



IH.'IKKIKI.H, iJHKAT, East Riding of Yorkshire, a market-town 

 and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, intheparinh .if I>ril!',. 1.1, isnituated 

 in 64* 0' N. lat, 26' W. long., distant 28 miles E. by N. from York, 

 196 miles N. by W. from London by road, and 202 miles by the 

 Great Northern and connected railways. The population of the. 

 town of Great Driffield in 1851 was 8792. The living is a vicarage, 

 with (he pi-rpntual curacy of Little Driffield in the arch- 



deaconry of the East Hiding and diocese of York. Dritlield Poor-Ixtw 

 I iiL-.ii contains 43 parishes and townships, with an area of 104,910 

 acres, and a population in 1861 of 1N,295. 



The parish church of Great Driffleld, dedicated to All Sainta, is an 

 ancient edifice ; but the steeple is of later date than the body of 

 the church. The Independent*, Baptists, and Primitive and Wesleyan 



