805 



DROGHEDA. 



DROITWICH. 



Methodists have places of worship hi Great Driffielcl, and there ara 

 National and Infant schools. 



The town of Great Driffield occupies an agreeable situation at the 

 foot of the Wolds, near one of the sources of the river Hull. It 

 consists chiefly of one long street. A small stream which runs 

 parallel with the street ia enlarged below the town into a navigable 

 canal, by which a communication is maintained with the port of Hull 

 by the river Hull. Since this communication waa opened Driffield 

 has considerably improved ; the town contains many good shops, and 

 is lighted with gas. Among the public buildings and institutions are 

 thfl new corn-exchange and public rooms, a dispensary, a mechanics 

 institution, a branch of the Hull savings bank, and a station of the 

 Hull and Scarborough railway. A county court is held in the town. 



The district around Driffield is fertile. The market ia held on 

 Thurar, :y, and extensive transactions take place in corn and cnttle. 

 Flour-inilia and mills for bone-crushing are in the vicinity. A manu- 

 factory for chemical manure is in Great Driffield. The Malton and 

 Driffield Junction railway is continued to the York, Newcastle, and 

 Berwick line, and joins it near Thirsk. At the hamlet of Danes Hill 

 are several tumuli. 



(Communication from Great Driffield.) 



DROGHEDA, in the counties of Louth and Heath, Ireland, a 

 municipal and parliamentary borough, a market and sea-port 

 town, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated on the 

 river J*>yne, in 53 43' N. lat, 6 20' W. long. ; distant 28 miles 

 N. by W. from Dublin by road, and 32 miles by the Dublin and 

 Droghwla railway. In 1851 the population was 16,845. The borough 

 is governed by 6 aldermen and 18 councillors, one of whom is mayor; 

 and returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. Drogheda 

 Poor-Law Union comprises 12 electoral divisions, with an area of 

 98,706 acres, and a population in 1851 of 48,203. 



The name Drogheda, of which Tredagh (as it is generally written 

 in old books) is a corruption, signifies ' the bridge of the ford.' A 

 synod was held here by Cardinal Paparo, the Pope's legate, in 1152, 

 which was very numerously attended by the Irish ecclesiastics, and had 

 the effect of greatly strengthening the authority and discipline of the 

 Church of Rome iii Ireland. Henry III., in the year 1228, divided 

 the town into two parts, namely, Drogheda versus Uriel, on the Louth 

 side of the river, and Drogheda versus Midiam, on the Meath side. 

 In 1412 the two corporations were united by Henry IV., since which 

 tune Drogheda on both sides of the Boyne has continued to be one 

 body corporate. Being a frontier town of the pale Drogheda was a 

 principal rendezvous for the forces which were so frequently required 

 in Ulster between the 14th and 17th centuries; and many of the 

 Irish parliaments were held here, particularly during the 15th 

 century. 



On the breaking out of the rebellion in 1641 Drogheda waa besieged 

 by Sir Phelim O'Neill and a large force of Irish who invested the 

 town on both sides on the 1st of December. The siege was raised 

 on the 28th of February. Cromwell besieged the town in September 

 1649. He was twice repulsed, but succeeded in the third attempt, 

 which he led himself. Moat of the garrison were put to the sword. 

 Drogheda was last held for the Roman Catholic party by the Lord 

 Iveagh, with a garrison of 1000 men, in 1690, but it surrendered to 

 a detachment of King William's army the day after the battle of the 

 Boyne. 



The old walls and four gates were standing within the last fifty 

 years. A few buttresses and St. Lawrence's Gate are all that now 

 remain. The last is a striking object, and is in good preservation. 

 Drogheda is rich in ecclesiastical antiquities. The Dominican Friary 

 on the north part of the town was founded by Lucas de Netterville, 

 archbishop of Armagh, in 1224, and is celebrated as the scene of the 

 submission of four Irish princes to Richard II. in 1394. A lofty 

 tower of this friary, called the Magdalen Tower, is still standing, 

 together with some of the cloisters. The Franciscan Friary on the 

 north-east of the town is standing, although much ruined, and forms 

 a striking feature in the view of Drogheda from the approaches on 

 the Dublin side. A gable and bell-tower, with part of the aisle, of 

 the priory of Canons Regular also remain on the west of the town 

 near the river; and there are some traces of the priory of St. 

 Lawrence near the gate, and of the hospital of St. Mary, beyond the 

 priory of the Canons Regular. 



Drogheda is a compact and well-built town; but the miserable 

 suburbs extending north and south greatly disfigure the approaches. 

 The chief part of the town lies on the left aide of the river, which 

 ia the higher ground. The principal street runs nearly north and 

 south, and forms a portion of the great northern road. About the 

 centre of the town, on the western side of the main street, stands the 

 town-house, a handsome building with a clock and cupola. Drogheda 

 contains three churches : St. Mary's, a small plain edifice built on the 

 ancient site of the chapel of a Carmelite convent ; St. Peter' a, a hand- 

 some Grecian building, erected about the middle of the last century ; 

 and St. Mark's, a chapel of ease to St. Peter's. The Roman Catholic 

 chapel of St. Peter, which is considered the cathedral church of the 

 archdiouese of Armagh, ia a spacious gothic edifice : there are also a 

 handsome Presbyterian meeting-house, and a Wesleyau Methodist 

 chapel. Besides these there are four other Roman Catholic chapels, 

 three friaries, and two nunneries, one of which, called the Sienna 



Nunnery, near the site of the Franciscan Priory, is a large establish- 

 ment. There are two barracks, an almshouse, the mansion-house, an 

 infirmary, a savings bank, a jail, a corn-market, and a theatre. The 

 town and harbour have been much improved of late years. A viaduct 

 95 feet in height, constructed across the river Boyne, forms part of 

 the Dublin and Belfast Junction railway. An iron lattice bridge 

 across the Royal Canal is for the passage of the trains of the Dublin 

 and Drogheda railway. Richmond Fort, erected during the govern- 

 ment of the Duke of Richmond, contains an hospital and a military 

 store-house, and commands a very fine view of the town. Formerly 

 the linen manufacture was the staple trade of Drogheda, but it has 

 very much decreased : there are three extensive flax-mills, six corn- 

 mills, and two breweries ; the other manufactures are cotton, leather, 

 tobacco, soap, and candles : there are also an iron-foundry, which 

 employs 300 persons, five salt-works, and some brick-kilna. There ia 

 considerable trade between Drogheda and Liverpool by six regular 

 steam-vessels, and the importations and exportations are large. The 

 harbour is convenient ; vessels of 300 tons can come up to the quay. 

 At the entrance of the harbour are three lighthouses. The market 

 is on Saturday. Eight fairs are held in the course of the year. The 

 assizes, quarter sessions, and petty aeasions are held here. Ou the 

 31st of December 1852 the number and, tonnage of the vessels 

 registered as belonging to the port of Drogheda were as follows : 

 Vessels under 50 tons 7, tonnage 193 ; above 50 tons 39, tonnage 

 4459 ; and 5 steam-vessels of 1787 tons. In the cross-channel and 

 coasting trade there entered and cleared at the port during 1852 as 

 follows: Inwards 648, tonnage 47,976; outwards 281, tonnage 

 21,378 : steam-vessels, inwards 213, tonnage 83,034 ; outwards 254, 

 tonnage 97,359. In the colonial and foreign trade there entered 

 52 vessels, tonnage 8069 ; and cleared 8 vessels, tonnage 935. 



(Fraser, Handbook of Inland ; Thorn, Irish A Imanac.) 



DROHOBYCZ, a town in the circle of Sambor, in the Austrian 

 crownland of Galicia, ia situated on the Tyszmauika, a tributary of 

 the Dniester, in 49 22' N. lat., 23 35' E. long., and has a population 

 of about 7000, seven-eighths of whom are Jews. A great portion of 

 the houses are filthy cabins, constructed of boards. The town 

 however has several buildings of consequence, among which are the 

 high-church, a fine structure of the gothic order, a Basilian monastery, 

 with a grammar-school conducted by the brotherhood, a chapter- 

 house, several churches, a synagogue, castle, and seminary for 

 teachers. The town, with its eight suburbs, contains about 1200 

 houses. The royal salt-works, including the adjacent works at 

 Mobrzyc, Solec, and Stebnik produce about 3700 tons annually, which 

 are extracted from salt rocka and aaline clay. In the neighbourhood 

 of the town are iron-mines and pitch-wells. There is a brisk trade 

 in native and foreign produce, particularly wine, linens, cottons, 

 leather, and grocery, which ia mainly carried on by the Jews ; and 

 the corn and cattle markets bring much profit to the place. 



DROITWICH, Worcestershire, a municipal and parliamentary 

 borough and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated in a narrow 

 valley through which flows the small river Salwarpe, in 52 16' 

 N. lat., 2 8' W. long., distant 7 miles N.N.E. from Worcester, 116 

 miles N.W. by W. from London by road, and 1324 miles by railway 

 via Birmingham. The population of the borough of Droitwich was 

 3125 in 1851 ; that of the extended parliamentary borough was 7096. 

 The borough is governed by 4 aldermen and 12 councillors, one of 

 whom is mayor ; and returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. 

 The livings are in the archdeaconry and diocese of Worcester. 

 Droitwich Poor-Law Union contains 26 parishes and townships, with 

 an area of 51,984 acres, and a population in 1851 of 18,020. 



The Romans had a station called Salinae at the spot now occupied 

 by Droitwich. Remains of a Roman villa were discovered in forming 

 that portion of the Oxford and Wolverhampton railway which passes 

 throxigh Droitwich. So much of the tesselated pavement as could 

 be removed was deposited in the Worcester Natural History Museum : 

 several coins, medals, and fibulae were found at the aame place. 

 Droitwich ia mentioned in Domeaday Book on account of the tax 

 then derived from its salt springs. A charter was granted to the 

 borough by King John. The Court Chamber, situated in the centre 

 of the town, is a handsome and commodious structure. The upper 

 portion of the building is appropriated for the meetinga of petty 

 sessions, which are held weekly ; the under portion is used as a 

 market-house. Near the Court Chamber is St. Andrew's church ; St. 

 Peter's is situated a short distance from the town. The Methodists 

 and Plymouth Brethren have places of worship, and there are 

 National and Infant schools. Droitwich possesses an excellent 

 hospital, founded by Lord Keeper Coventry, the income of which is 

 1200^. a year. It ia governed by trustees, and supplies 36 men and 

 women with a room, clothing, and 5. per week each. The foundation 

 also provides SOI. a year and a house for a schoolmaster, and 501. a 

 year and a house for a schoolmistress, for the education of 50 boys 

 and 50 girls. The boys have 10J. given them in aid of their apprentice 

 fee; the girls receive SI. on leaving the institution. Droitwich 

 possesses a savings bank; and a penny bank has been recently 

 established. A county court is held in the town. 



The chief trade of Droitwich is that in salt, manufactured from 

 the salt springs, which are very productive. About 60,000 tons of 

 salt are annually produced. The Worcester and Birmingham Canal 



