tit 



DOTSBUBO. 



1852. wai 893.3832. ; theexcisfrdutie* were 350.5402. Large quantities 

 of wine arc imported into Dublin. Tbo wine* are imported direct, and 

 consist chiefly of port, sherry, cap, French, and Italian wine*. 



Mercantile business was formerly carried on at the Exchange, but 

 U now transacted at the Commercial Building* in Dame-street There 

 are a chamber of commerce, and an arbitration court for oa*e* con- 

 nected with shipping business. Sereral foreign consuls reaiile in 

 Dublin. Much of the inland trad* of Dublin U carried on by the 

 Royal au<l Grand canal*, which are noticed under IK-BUN COUNTY. 

 The woollen, cotton, linen, and silk manufactures, notwithstanding 

 man; effort* to revive them, are nearly all extinct The manufacture of 

 poplin itill flourishes to sonip extent Brewing, iron-carting, and cabinet- 

 making teem to be the most proaperoui branches of manufacture. 



Among the learned institutions of Dublin the principal U the Uni- 

 versity, incorporated as the College of the Holy and Undivided 

 Trinity, which wai founded by Queen Elisabeth. The collegiate body 

 consists of a provost, 7 aenior follow*, one of whom is vice-provost, 18 

 junior fellows, 70 scholars, ami 30 sizars. The number of students, 

 usually about 2000, is said to have been considerably diminished in 

 consequence of the establishment of the new Queen's colleges in 

 Galway, Belfast, and Cork. The permanent income of the University 

 rise* out of landed estates, which produce a rent of 13,8462. 2*. per 

 annum, exclusive of the provost's separate estate, which produces a 

 rent of 2 lOCli per annum. The income accruing from the class-fees of 

 pupils amounts to about 80,0002. per annum, and a large sum U annu- 

 ally drawn in rents of chambers and fees for commons, Ac. The 

 college possesses a fine library of above 180,000 volumes, and the 

 number of books is steadily increasing, in consequence of the right 

 which the college has to copyright copies of books published in the 

 1 Kingdom. Connected with the University are a museum, rich 

 in minerals and Irish antiquities; a magnetic observatory, in the 

 Fellows' Garden ; a school of anatomy near the south-east corner of 

 the college park ; a printing-house on the north side of the park ; a 

 botanic garden near Ball's bridge; and the astronomical observatory 

 at Dun-link, four miles north-west from Dublin. 



By letters patent, dated August 15, 1850, Queen Victoria founded the 

 ' Queen's University in Ireland,' with powers to grant degrees in arts, 

 medicine, and law, to students who have completed their studies in 

 any one of the Queen's colleges of Belfast, Galway, or Cork. The 

 University consists of a chancellor and senate, named by the Crown ; 

 the meetings of the senate for holding examinations and granting 

 degrees must be held in Dublin. The Royal Dublin Society, incorpo- 

 rated by George II., 1749, occupies the late residence of the Duke of 

 Leiastcr, in Kildare-street The museum of the society is open to the 

 public twice a week ; and the professors deliver public and gratuitous 

 lectures. A considerable number of youths are instructed gratis in 

 the fine arts in the Society's schools. The Royal Irish Academy, for 

 promoting the study of sciences, polite literature, and antiquities, 

 was incorporate d in 1786. The academy-house is in Grafton-street : 

 the library 1s rich in ancient Irish manuscripts, and the museum 

 contains a remarkably fine collection of Celtic antiquities. The 

 Royal Hibernian Academy of painting, sculpture, and architecture, 

 rated in 1803, has its academy-house in Abbey-street; this 

 buildiug was bestowed on the body by Mr. Johnatone, the distin- 

 guished architect. There is here an annual exhibition of painting 

 and sculpture. 



The other chief societies for the promotion of science and general 

 knowledge in Dublin are the Zoological, Geological, Agricultural, 

 Horticultural, and Dublin-library societies. Among the institutions 

 lately established is the Museum of Irish Industry, for forming com- 

 plete collections of the materials for agricultural, mining, and manu- 

 facturing industry which Ireland contains. There is a valuable law 

 library belonging to the King's Inns in Henrietta-street. 



Dublin is well supplied with provisions of all kinds and of excellent 

 quality. Smithfield, the wholesale market for cattle and hay, is 

 deficient in accommodation; it covers a very small space, and is 

 approached only by narrow lanes. The other market* are in general 

 not sufficiently commodious : they are Spitalfields for bacon, butter, 

 and pototoes ; K*rin-street for the same, and for hay ; Boot-lane for 

 flab ; and Green-street for potatoes, fowls, eggs, and fruit. 



Dublin gives title to an archbishop, who is styled primate of 

 laud, and whos* province include. lh following united dlooeee* : 

 Dublin, Glendalough, and Kildare, which form the see of the arch- 

 buhop; OsjorT, Ferns, and Leighlin; Caahel, Emly, Waterford, and 

 Usmore; Cork, Cloyne, aud Koss ; Killaloe and Kilfenora; and 

 \rdfert, and Aghadoe. Tbe bishopric of Dublin, founded 

 by 8t Petnck or his immediate niooswors, was erected into an arch- 

 btthopncinllii lDl214th**, fOlendaU>ugh,whichisnowmerely 

 nominal, was annexed to that of Dublin ; and by the Church Tempo- 

 ralities Act, passed in 1838, the bishopric of KILDABK was consolidated 

 with the sew of Dublin and Olradalough. The archiepisoopal see of 

 Dublin comprises 188 beiMfioes, of which 139 are in the diocese of 

 Dublin, and 44 in that of Kildare ; it include* the counties of Dublin, 

 Kildare, Wicklow, a small part of Wexford, and King's and Queen's 

 counties. The chapter of Christ church cathedral consist* of a dean, 

 pro precentor, chancellor, treasurer, 8 prebendaries, and vicar, 

 choral Tbe chapter of the collegiate and cathedral church of St. 

 Patrick consist* of a dean, sub-dean, precentor, chancellor, treasurer, 



20 prebendaries, 4 minor canons, and 13 vicars choral The income 

 of the archbishop of Dublin is 77862. a year. 



(Whitelaw and Walsh, /Hilary of Uu Cay of DMin ; Picture of 

 DMi; MacGUsban, Dublin and Hi Enriront; Land H'c Ltrt In, 

 ml. iii. ; Thorn, /risk Almanac ; Par/tawtiitary Paptn.) 



DUBNO. the capital of the circle of Dubno, which U tile richest 

 .-iti'l most productive of the subdivision* of the Russian government 

 of Volhynia, in situated on the Ikwa. a feeder of the Stry, in 50 25' 

 N. lt, 25* 40' K. long., and belongs to the prince of Lubomirsky, 

 who takes from it a ducal title as its owner. The Polish nobility of 

 these parts held their annual sessions at Dubno from 1774 till Western 

 Poland was seized by Russia, Dubuo is an extremely irregular town 

 in it* construction ; the street* are narrow, crooked, and unpaved ; 

 the houses are built almost wholly of wood. The inhabitants, among 

 whom are a great many Jews, number about 8000. Dubno has a 

 ducal residence, a Greek abbey of the order of St. Basil, several Greek 

 and Roman Catholic churches, and a grammar-school The people 

 carry on much traffic in corn, flax, tobacco, fish, and cattle, the produce 

 of the adjacent country, aud hold a large fair at Whitsuntide. 



DUDLEY, originally written DUDELEI, Worcestershire, a parlia- 

 mentary borough, market-town, and the scat of a Poor-Law Union, in 

 the parish of Dudley, is situated in 52* 30' N. lat, 2 4' W. loug. ; 

 dUtaut 28 miles N. by E. from Worcester, 120 miles N.W. from 

 London by road, and 125 miles by the North- Western and South 

 Staffordshire railways. The population of the parliamentary borough, 

 which consists of the parish of Dudley, in ISjl was 37,962. The 

 town is under the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, and has a 

 mayor and bailiff appointed by the lord of the manor. For sanitary 

 purposes it is under the management of a Local Board of Health, 

 The borough returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. The 

 living U a vicarage in the archdeaconry and diocese of Worcester. 

 Dudley Poor-Law Union contains 4 parishes, with an area of 16,655 

 acres, and a population in 1851 of 106,480. 



About the commencement of the 8th century a strong castle was 

 built on an elevated site at this place by Dodo, a Saxon prince. In 

 1664 Colonel Beaumont held the castle for the king for a period of 

 three weeks against the Parliamentary forces; a party of the Royal 

 army arriving from Worcester relieved the besieged force. The 

 remains, consisting of a gateway, the keep, part of the tower, the 

 offices, Ac., are of a highly interesting character. A priory for Bene- 

 dictine monks formerly existed here ; the ruins of the building are 

 about half a mile from the town. 



The bouses in the town are generally well-built and neat in 

 appearance, the street* are clean and well paved, and the town is 

 lighted with gas. The pariah church, dedicated to St. Thomas, is a 

 handsome building with lofty spire. The other churches are St. 

 Edmund's, St. Andrew's or Ketherton, St. James's, and St. John's. 

 The Wesleyau aud New Connexion Methodists, Baptists, Independents, 

 Presbyterians, aud Unitarians have places of worship. The Free 

 Grammar school, endowed by Queen Elisabeth with land which now 

 yields above 3002. per annum, educates about 40 scholars. There ore 

 National aud British schools, a Blue-Coat school well endowed, a 

 Charity school for 40 girls, and a school for 60 boys, at which others 

 besides those on the foundation receive instruction. There are in 

 Dudley a subscription library, a mechanics institute, a savings bank, 

 a dispensary, and various charities for benevolent purposes. 



Dudley is a place of considerable importance in connection with 

 the iron trade. The neighbourhood abounds with iron-ore and with 

 coal Among the articles manufactured are fire-irons, grates, nail*, 

 vices, chain-cables, Ac. There are extensive glass-works aud limestone 

 quarries. A tunnel a mile and three-quarters in length and 13 feet 

 high, for conveying the limestone under the Castle-hill to the kilns, 

 passes through the hill on which the castle stands. Fairs are held on 

 May 8th and October 2nd for cattle, cheese, and wool ; aud on August 

 6th for lambs. Saturday is the market-day, and a considerable 

 amount of market business U also transacted on Monday. A county 

 court is held in the town. 



A fossil colled the Dudley Locust is found in great quantities 

 and of various sizes in the limestone quarries in the neighbourhood . 

 it is supposed to be an extinct species of Mouoculus. lu the vicinity 

 of Dudley then are several chalybeate springs, as well as a spa well, 

 held in high estimation for its efficacy in cutaneous disorders. 



(Nash, Woftttttrihirt ; Communication from IhulUy.) 



M'ISBURG, a town in Rhenish Prussia, in the government of 

 Dueseldorf, is situated between the Ruhr and the Rhine, which meet 

 ' about 3 mile* below the town, in 51 26' N. lat, 6 40' K. long., 

 16 miles by railway N. from the town of Duauldorf, and has about 

 7000 inhabitants. The oite, which U ancient, was in the timn of the 

 Romans denominated Castrum Deusonis. The town is surrounded by 

 walls and decayed tower* on one side, and by a rampart and ditches 

 on the other, and is situated in a fertile and agreeable country. 

 Duisburg was in the 13th century an important member of the 

 Hansuatio League. It afterwards was made a free town of the 

 German empire, but lost iU privilege* in the last war, at the close of 

 which it was handed over to Prussia. A canal unites the town with 

 the Rhine on one side, and the Ruhr touches it on the other. Sailing 

 and steam vessels are built : several of the Cologne company's steamer* 

 were constructed in Duisburg. There is a large vitriol factory in the 



