821 



DUKINFIELD. 



DUMBARTONSHIRE. 



833 



town, and a cloth-mill worked by steam. Duisburg contains a gymna- 

 sium founded in 1599, an orphan asylum and hospital, endowed 

 almshouses, a monastery of Minorites, and five churches, of which 

 St. John the Baptist's dates from A.D. 1187, and St. Salvator's, on the 

 tower of which once stood an observatory, dates from 1415. It was 

 the seat of a Protestant university founded in 1655 and abolished in 

 1802. There are considerable manufactures in the town, particularly 

 of woollen-cloth, cottons, stockings, glue, soap, starch, and leather ; 

 and an extensive traffic in wine and colonial produce, grain, and 

 cattle. In the neighbourhood there are several iron-works. The 

 valley of the Ruhr is distinguished for its industrial and agricultural 

 activity aud for its coal-mines. The remains of the Duisburg Forest, 

 mentioned by Tacitus (' Annal.' i. 60) under the name of the Saltus 

 Teutoburgensis, are in the vicinity. 



DUKINFIELD, Cheshire, a village in the parish of Stockport, is 

 situated on the left bank of the river Tame, in 53" 29' N. lat., 2 4' 

 W. long. ; distant 42 miles N.E. from Chester, 186 miles N.W. by N. 

 from London by road, and 195 miles by the London and North- 

 Western railway. The population of the township in 1851 was 

 12,132. Dukinfield is properly a suburb of the town of Ashton- 

 undi;r-Line, which is on the opposite or .Lancashire side of the Tame. 

 Some statistics on the cotton manufacture in this neighbourhood are 

 given under ASHTON-UNDER-LINE. Extensive iron-foundries, collieries, 

 and brick and tile works afford employment. There are in Dukinfield 

 two churches of the Establishment; chapels for Independents, Wes- 

 leyan, Primitive, and New Connexion Methodists, Moravians, Uni- 

 tarianji, Roman Catholics, and Mormonites; and National, British, 

 Infant, and local day-schools. 



DULEEK. [MEATH.] 



DULVERTON, Somersetshire, a market-town and the seat of a 

 Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Dulverton, is situated in 51 2' 

 N. lat, 3 33' W. long., distant 44 miles S.W. by W. from Bath, and 

 165 miles W.S.W. from London by road. The population of the 

 parish in 1851 was 1497. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry 

 of Taunton and diocese of Bath and Wells. Dulverton Poor-Law 

 Union contains 11 parishes and townships, with an area of 54,758 

 acres, and a population in 1851 of 5748. 



Dulverton is situated near the border of Devonshire, in a deep 

 valley watered by the Barle, a feeder of the Ex. The town consists 

 chiefly of two streets, in which are some well-built houses. The 

 parish church, an ancient edifice, comprises a nave, chancel, and two 

 aide aisles, with an embattled tower 60 feet high at the west end. 

 The Independent* have a place of worship, and there is an Endowed 

 school. The silk manufacture is carried on. Saturday is the market- 

 day. Two yearly fairs are held. 



(Collinson, Somrrsetthirc.) 



DULWICH. [ScBBEY.] 



DUMBARTON, or DUNBARTON, the chief town of Dumbarton- 

 shire, Scotland, a royal burgh, market-town and port, in the parish of 

 Dumbarton, is situated at the confluence of the Leveu with the Clyde, 

 about 15 miles W.N.W. from Glasgow, in 55 57' N. lat., 4 37' 

 W. long. The population of the royal burgh in 1851 was 4590; that 

 of the parliamentary burgh was 5445. It is governed by a provost 

 and 1 4 councillors, and jointly with Renfrew, Rutherglen, Kilmarnock, 

 and Port Glasgow, returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. 



The town consists of one principal street running parallel to the 

 river Leven and of several smaller streets. The houses are generally 

 well built, and the burgh is neat and clean, well paved, and lighted 

 with gas. The public buildings include the parish church, the Free 

 church, chapels for United Presbyterians and Roman Catholics, and 

 the county-hall and prison. An elegant bridge of five arches spans 

 the Leven. The harbour is small, and owing to a bar at the mouth 

 of the river only vessels of light burden can enter the harbour except 

 at high water. Steamers sail regularly to Glasgow, Greenock, and 

 Loch Long. 



The Dumbartonshire railway, which extends from Bowling (a village 

 on the river Clyde), 3 miles W. from the town, to Balloch, has a station 

 at Dumbarton. Steamers ply on Loch Lomond in connection with 

 the railway. There are two ship-building yards, a graving-dock, and a 

 crown-glass and bottle work. Rope-spinning is carried on. A weekly 

 corn-market and an annual fair are held in the town, and sheriff, burgh, 

 and justice-of-peace courts are held. There are public libraries and 

 reading-rooms. A large portion of the salmon fisheries of the Clyde 

 belong! to Dumbarton. 



It in supposed by some antiquaries that Dumbarton occupies the 

 site of the Roman station called Theodosia. A mile from the town, 

 and at the mouth of the river Leven, forming at high water nearly 

 an island of itself, stands the steep rock so often mentioned in Scottish 

 hifltory, Dumbarton Castle. This rock, which rises up in two points, 

 is inaccessible on every side, except by a very narrow passage, fortified 

 with a strong wall or rampart. The rock is divided into nearly equal 

 parts, the western peak, which is rather the higher, being about 206 

 feet above the level of the river. Within the wall at the base is the 

 guard-h' use, with lodgings for the officers, and hence a long flight 

 of stone steps leads to the upper part of the castle, where are several 

 batteries mounted with cannon, the wall being continued almost round 

 the rock. There are remains of a high gateway and wall, the top of 

 which has a bridge of communication from one summit of the rock 



to the other. An excellent well is constantly supplied with water. 

 The rock on which the castle staiids forms a picturesque object from 

 the Clyde, whose waters wash its base. This castle was formerly a 

 great object of contention, aud has sustained several sieges. In the 

 upper part where the rock divides, and in the passage between the 

 peaks, convenient barracks have been erected, as well as a small 

 arsenal, which contains Wallace's gigantic sword and many other 

 curiosities. Besides the castle the only remnant of ancient times is a 

 gothic arch, said to be all that remains of a collegiate church founded 

 in 1456 by a countess of Lennox. This arch formerly stood in the 

 outskirts of the town, but to make way for the railway was removed 

 to the front of the Burgh school. 



(New Statistical Account of Scotland; Communication from 

 Dumbarton.) 



DUMBARTONSHIRE, a maritime county in the west of Scotland, 

 lies between 55 53' aud 56 20' N. lat, 3" 54' and 4 53' W. long. 

 The county consists of two parts, which are Bsparatecl by an inter- 

 vening space of 6 miles between their nearest approaching points. 

 The larger and western part is bounded W. partly by Argyleshire, but 

 principally by Loch Long (which separates Dumbartonshire from 

 Argyleshire), S. by the river and Frith of Clyde (which separates this 

 county from Renfrewshire) and by a small part of Lanarkshire, E. by 

 Stirlingshire, and N.E. partly by Stirlingshire, and for a short distance 

 by Perthshire, the boundary line being in the centre of Loch Lomond. 

 This portion of the county is about 35 miles in length from north- 

 west to south-east, in a straight line, and in the middle about 15 miles 

 in breadth from east to west. The small detached eastern part of the 

 county is inclosed by Stirlingshire on the north, aud by Lanarkshire 

 on the south, and measures 12 miles in length from east to west, and 

 24 to 4 miles in breadth from north to south. The area of the county 

 is iu all 297 square miles, or 189,844 statute acres. The population 

 in 1841 was 44,296 ; in 1851 it was 45,103. The county returns one 

 member to the Imperial Parliament. 



Coast-line. On the southern coast of the county, at the village of 

 Bowling Bay, 3 miles above the town of Dumbarton, the Forth and 

 Clyde Canal falls into the Clyde. Half a mile nearer Dumbarton, and 

 on a rock projecting into the river, stand the ruins of Dunglass Castle. 

 A monument has been erected on this spot to the memory of Henry 

 Bell, the originator of steam navigation. The Leven falls into the 

 Clyde at Dumbarton Castle. [DUMBARTON.] The remainder of the 

 southern coast, from Dumbarton to the Gareloch, is low and sandy, 

 and the river near it is shallow. At the small village of Cardross, 

 there is a ferry to Port Glasgow, anciently the ferry betwixt the 

 western highlands and lowlands of Scotland. A few miles north-west 

 of Cardross is Helensburgh, a fashionable resort of the citizens of 

 Glasgow for sea-bathing. Immediately to the north-west of Helens- 

 burgh, and formed by the peninsula of Roseueath; is the Gareloch, a 

 small sea-water lake running north-west aud south-east, the shores of 

 which are embellished by numerous villas, principally the property of 

 inhabitants of Glasgow. It is about 6 miles long, and averages a mile 

 in breadth ; aud affords excellent anchorage for vessels of all sizes, 

 and shelter from all the more prevalent winds. The western coast of 

 the county is the eastern shore of Loch Long, an arm of the sea 

 running north-west and south-east, and stretching northward from 

 the Frith of Clyde. It is upwards of 20 miles long, aud varies from 

 1 mile to 2 miles in breadth. The other coast of the county is that 

 bounded by Loch Lomond, the principal part of which extends about 

 24 miles from Glen Falloch, at the extreme north of Dumbartonshire, 

 to the bridge of Balloch, where the overflow of the lake forms the 

 river Leven. The shore of this coast is low, and the hills rising 

 almost immediately from the lake, make it narrow. It is in general 

 richly and beautifully wooded. The remaining part of this coast, 

 from Balloch to the boundary of Stirlingshire, runs then north-east ; 

 the backs are generally steep. This line of coast is about 5 miles 

 in length. 



Surface, Hydrography, and Communications. The south-eastern 

 part of the county which is detached from the rest is generally of a 

 lowland character. Between this outlying portion and the main part 

 of the county extends a flat district through which the Kelvin Water 

 runs. Proceeding in a north-westerly direction, the county is but 

 slightly undulated until we approach the parishes of Row and Luss, 

 with the exception of the rock of Dumbarton and the Kilpatrick 

 Braes ; which last, thoxigh cultivated or planted to the tops, attain an 

 elevation of 1200 feet above the sea level, intersect a fertile country, 

 and afford extensive and delightful views from their summits. North 

 of Bonhill and Cardross the country rises into mountains, of which the 

 loftiest, Ben Voirlich, at the northern end of the county, attains a 

 height of 3300 feet. Along the side of Loch Lomond lies romantic 

 scenery, of which a part is that known as Rob Roy's country. The 

 most northern of the parishes, Arrochar, containing about 30,000 

 acres, is so entirely mountainous as to afford only about 400 acres for 

 arable cultivation. In the parish of Luss, south of Arrochar, several 

 of the hills attain a height of 3000 feet. West of Luss are two nearly 

 parallel ridges of hills. Of these the main range on the west i; 

 cultivated in some places, and the rest is covered with heath ; it unites 

 with the eastern range at the head of the intervening glen, which is 

 about five miles long, and from a quarter to three-quarters of a mile 

 broad. After uniting, they run north-west. Fumart Hill, the loftiest 



