EDINBURGH. 



KDINBURGHSnilli:. 



ud Newhaven. To the north-west of Queen-street U the Octagon, 

 or Moray-place, which for the mamive elegance of iu princely mansions, 

 may be regard*! u the most striking feature of the Kew Town. 

 Farther to the north-wwt U the Dean Bridge, floe itructure which 

 pans the Water of Leith at a height of 100 feet above the bed of 

 the river. Trinity Epiioopal chapel, a fine gothio structure, U 

 picturmquely situated oloM to the bridge. Along the bank* of the 

 Wafer of Leith. westward, is the eurioiu old tillage of Dnan, chiefly 

 occupied by millen and their families who in rwpeot of manner* 

 and customs, and even of dialect, were till recently quite a peculiar 

 class. To the westward a abort way oat of the city u Donaldson's 

 Hospital, a magnificent structure, with accommodation for 150 boya 

 and 150 girli; of those admitted a certain proportion u selected 

 from applicant! who are deaf and dumb. John Watson's Institution, 

 for the maintenance and education of 120 destitute children, and the 

 Orphan Hospital, for 100 orphan children of both sexes, are alao in 

 this neighbourhood. 



At the north side of the town is the New Edinburgh Academy, 

 founded in 1834, to provide for the families in the northern districts 

 a system of education somewhat similar to that of the High school 

 The number of scholars in 1853 was 350. The Asylum for the Deaf 

 and Dumb, a large and commodious building, adjoins the academy. 

 On the Water of Leith, near Canonmills Bridge, is TanBeld Hall, 

 which U much occupied for public meetings : to this hall the members 

 of the General Assembly who seceded from the Established Church in 

 1843 walked in procession, and formed the Free Church. In this hall 

 also, in 1847, the United Associate Synod and the Relief Synod formed a 

 junction under the title of the United Presbyterian Synod. In 

 Inverleith-row are the Caledonian Horticultural Society's gardens, 

 occupying 10 acres of ground, and the Royal Botanic gardens, occu- 

 pying 15 acres, to both of which access is readily obtained. Inver- 

 leith Cemetery, opened about nine years back, haa ranges of well-built 

 vaults, and a neat Episcopal chapel. The Zoological gardens are 

 situated in Bonnington-road, at the north-cast end of the city. At 

 Rosebank, near to the Zoological gardens, is another cemetery. On 

 the southern skirts of BrunUfield Links U the village of Morningside, 

 a rather favourite resort as a summer residence. Morningside Lunatic 

 Asylum U an extensive range of buildings, having about 300 inmates. 

 The system of treatment is mild and soothing, and has been found 

 successful. Near Morningside is Merchiston Castle (now occupied as 

 an academy), the residence, from the 15th century, of the Napiers of 

 Merchiston. 



By the North BritUh, the Caledonian, the Edinburgh and Glasgow, 

 and the Edinburgh, Perth, and Dundee railways, Edinburgh has 

 ready communication with all parts of the kingdom. From Granton 

 New Pier (the property of the Duke of Bnccleuch), the chain-pier at 

 Newhaven, or from Leith, there are steamers to the various towns 

 and important villages on the Forth, to the towns on the north-east 

 coast, and to Orkney and Shetland ; and in addition to the traffic by 

 sailing vessels, and the swift sailing ' clippers,' there are steamers to 

 London, Newcastle, Hull, and Hamburg. 



Edinburgh possesses no manufacture of any importance. Shawl- 

 making and coach-making are carried on successfully . The printing 

 a. I publishing trades of Edinburgh rank in extent next to those ol 

 London. Several extensive paper manufactories arc in the neighbour- 

 hood of Edinburgh. Hair-cloth, net and lace weaving, and the 

 manufacture of small wares, are engaged in to some extent. 



(,'lnwckt*, Jic. There are in Edinburgh 17 parish churches and 

 10 chapels of ease (one of which U for a Gaelic congregation) in 

 connection with the Established Church ; the Free Church has 26 

 places of worship (one being Gaelic) ; the United Presbyterians, 15 

 the Conxregationalist*, 4 , the Original Seceden, 2 ; the Baptists, 6 

 the Methodist*, 3 ; and the Roman Catholics, 2. The Jews, Quakers 

 Mormonites, Rowitca (or Irvingiten), Unitarians, and other minor 

 sects have chapels or hired rooms for their services. There are I 

 Episcopal chapels in Edinburgh, one of them being unconnected with 

 the Scottish Episcopal Church. 



Edinburgh possesses many religious and benevolent institutions 

 some of which have extensive operations. Among these may be 

 named the City Hission, the Bible Society, the Strangers' Friun. 

 Society, the Gaelic School Society, the Society for the Propagation o 

 the Gospel in the Highlands and Inlands, the Sabbath School 

 societies for supporting Ragged and Industrial school*, t!,.- M.--li.-'.i 

 Missionary Society, Society for establishing Evening Schools fo 

 Apprentices and Adults, Society for providing Improved Dwellings 

 for the Working Classes, and numerous others with similar praise 

 worthy object*. Among the educational institutions of Ediutmrg! 

 not already noticed are the Scottish Military and Naval Academy 

 founded in 1825; the Hill-street Institution, opened in 1832; th 

 Scottish Polytechnic school ; the Circus-place school, having a recto 

 and five other masters ; the Southern Academy, instituted in 1 829 

 the Ladies' Institution for the Southern District*, founded in 1833; th 

 Scottish Institution for the Education of Ladies, founded in 1834 ; th 

 School of Arts, or Mechanics Institute; Dr. Bell's schools ; the Lancas- 

 Urian schools; the CanongaU Burgh schools ; and the Normal school 

 of the Established and Free churches. The Philosophical Iiu.tr 

 a recently founded society similar in character to the Atheunums of Man 

 Chester and some other towns. The Select Subscription Library and th 



[echanioa Library have each Urge and valuable collections of books, 

 and are well supported. Several medical and literary societies and 

 egal clubs have libraries of their own. The Society of Antiquaries 

 las a museum containing many objects of interest. Fourteen news- 

 tapers are published in Edinburgh one three times a week, seven 

 wloe a week, and six weekly. Several quarterly, monthly, and 

 weekly periodicals of influential character and extensive circn! 

 are also published in Edinburgh. 



Population. The population of the city and suburbs of Edinburgh 

 u 66,544 in 1801; 112,235 in 1821; 138,182 in 1841 ; and K 

 n 1851. Of the inhabitants of Edinburgh an unusually larg< 

 wrtion are engaged in, or connected with, the courts of law. The 

 umber of females is also unusually large, the respective numbers in 

 851 being 71,567 males and 88,994 females. 



Edinburgh is lighted with gas supplied by two companies. The 

 savings bank on 20th November 1851 had 25,751 depositors the 

 mount due to them being 327,2<W. 7. 5d. 



I I -I N T BURGHSHIRE, or Ml ! > I.t Til IA\, a county in the eastern 

 jart of Scotland, bounded N. by the Frith of Forth, N.E. anil > 

 laddingtonshire, S. by Peeblesshire and Lanarkshire, anil W. and 

 N.W. by Linlithgowshlre, lies between 55' 37' and .W X. Int., 2 50' 

 and 3 48' W. long. The county is in length from east to went about 

 6 miles, and in breadth from north to south about 18 miles. Its 

 area is 397 square miles, or 254,300 acres. The population in 1851 was 

 259,435. The county returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. 

 Coast-line. The northern boundary of the couuty extends for 

 arly 13 miles along the Frith of Forth. From Queonsferry, 

 .he Frith may be said to begin, the southern shore of the Frith 

 >roceeding eastward is studded with towns, havens, and piers, 

 s the village of Cramond, at the mouth of the Almou I \V,,!.T; then 

 the newly-formed binding-place, Granton, with its excellent stone 

 lii-r and spacious hotel ; this is succeeded by Trinity chain-pier, and 

 .he old village and pier of Newhaveu, and farther to the east the 

 own and harbour of Leith ; while still farther along the const are 

 .he towns or villages of Portobello, Fisherrow, and Mii*>elburgh. At 

 Granton, Newhaveu, and Leith there U at high tide considerable 

 depth of water, while eastward of Leith the shore is formed of an 

 extensive breadth of sand, loft dry at low water, and consequently 

 shallow, even at high tide. Westward of Grantou the shore is again 

 composed of sand, covered only at high tide. The island of Cramond, 

 in the Frith, about half a mile off the village, affords pasture for 

 a few sheep which are driven to it over the sands at low water. 



Surface, Hydrography, Communications. The surface of Edinburgh- 

 shiro is in general uneven. The most hilly district comprises the 

 parishes of Stow and Heriot in the south-eastern portion of the 

 county, the Moorfoot Hills being the northern boundary of Stow 

 parish. In this district U the Sayrs Law, 1739 feet above the sea. 

 The continuation westward of this high ground through the parishes 

 of Temple and Pennicuik forms the boundary between this county 

 and Peeblesshire. It has a general elevation of upwards of 800 feet, 

 and is rather flat and covered with bogs and mosses ; but in some 

 parts there are hills of considerable elevation, as the Coat Law, 1680 

 Feet, and the Blackhope Scares, 1850 feet, above the level of the sea. 

 Farther westward are several high hills, as the Cairn Hill (1800 fret), 

 and others which belong to the Pcntlauds. Farther west, i 

 district on the Lanarkshire boundary, only isolated hills occur, the 

 highest of which, Leven's Seat, at the south-western extn-i 

 county, is about 1200 feet above the sea. Between tills high K 

 and the Frith of Forth are the Pentium! Hills, the highest summits 

 of which are from 1800 to 1900 feet above the sea, but their mean 

 elevation probably does not much exceed 1000 feet They terminate 

 at the distance of a few miles from Edinburgh. In Ratho parish, to 

 the west of the Pentlnnds, the Plat Hills, a small range about a mile 

 and a half long, attain an elevation of nearly 600 feet. Dalmaboy 

 Crags, hi the same parish, are three hills of trap, which are above 000 

 feet high. Towards the northern boundary the county present* an 

 undulating surface, on which a few hills rise to a moderate cle 

 Corstorphine Hills, lying westward from the city of Edinburgh, 

 about two miles in length, and arc about 470 feet above the sea level ; 

 .nd Blnckford Hills a- My south of the city, and 



Arthur's Seat is close to the Old Town on the south-east. 



Thin county is watered by several rivers. T .iliieh 



falls into the Tweed, traverses Stow parish, re. 



tlf ll.-riot Water, which has several small tributaries, and in Stow 

 parish the Lugatc, Knuit, and ('< 



mountain streams. The South Kit issues from a small lake in 

 Peeblesshire, on the borders of the county, and its tributni . 

 (.Madhouse Water, takes it* rise iu the Moorfoot Hills, also on the 

 borders. They unite after a winding and parallel northern course of 

 about 9 mile*. After passing Dalkeiili tlir S.,iith K-k joins its waters 

 with those of the North Esk, and the united streams form tli. 

 Esk, which falls iuto the Frith of Forth at Musselburgh, the South 

 Ek and Esk having traversed about 18 miles of the county in a 

 nearly din-' t lin from south to north. The Xurth Etk also takes its 

 rise on the borders of Peeblesshire, and enters Mid-Lothian a few miles 

 west of the South Ek. In its course it receives a great many ti -Mili- 

 taries from the eastern aide of the IVntlunds. The banks of both of 

 these streams are generally picturesque, and occasionally romantic ; 



