K1SEN8TADT. 



KKATAKINOSLAV. 



th Wartbnrg, whioh U about a mile and a quarter from Ei*eu.ich 

 and at an deration of 1818 feet aboTe the level of the aea. The 

 original bunt wa* built in A.D. 1140, and wan the reaidcnoe of the 

 landgrave* of Thuringia until the yrar 1408 : a large portion of it 

 wai rebuilt in the beginning of the promt century. On this spot, 

 in the early part of the 18th century, the Oerman Miuueaimger u*ed 

 to contend ; and it is Hill batter known a* the place of refuge to 

 which Luther wa* conveyed in 1521, on his way back from the Diet 

 of Worm*. The little chapel in which he frequently preached, and 

 the cell which ho inhabited, hare been carefully prewired in the 

 name state u whan he used them. The Wartburg i* now uod a* a 



; :.- :.. 



Among the other town*, all of which are small, the principal are 

 Oruhmym, a ttation on the railway, 14 milei W. from Kiaenach, on 

 the left bank of the Werra : population, 1900; Kmldmrg, 10 'miles 

 N.\V. from Eisenach, on the Werra : population, about 2000; Lrnyt- 

 fttd, a small walled town with two castles, and 2200 inhabitants, 

 16 miles S.W. from Kisenach, on the Fulda, a feeder of the Werra : 

 and Ku'.ln, 6 railed S.S.K. from Eisenach, on the Ruhl, which hero 

 forms the boundary between Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Ootha; the 

 larger part of the town, the total population of which amount* to 

 about 8500, it in Saxe-Ootha. Ruhla hag a normal forest school, 

 manufactures of iron, hardware, pipes, gloves, stockings, anil musical 

 iutnmi.'iit. About two-thirds of the population belong to the 

 Saxe-Ootba part of the town. 



;:NSTADT, a royal free town in Hungary, finely situated in 

 a noble expanse of country between the Leitha mountain range and 

 the west coast of the Neusiedler-See, in 47 60- N. lat, 16' 80'. E. long., 

 S6 miles 8.K. from Vienna, 11 miles N. by W. from Oedenburg, has 

 about 6700 inhabitants. The town itself is walled round, haa two 

 gate* and three main streets, a church and a Franciscan monastery, in 

 which is the sepulchral vault of the Esterhdzy family, a monas- 

 tery and hospital of the Brothers of Charity, a town-hull, and 

 offices for the administration of the Esterhizy domains. The 

 Schloasgrund is an extensive suburb, containing about 2600 of the 

 population, and comprises the ' Judenstadt,' or Jew's Town, where 

 800 of that community reside; here are Mount Calvary, laid out 

 in conformity with the supposed disposition of the site iu Palestine, 

 and adorned with a statue of the Blessed Virgin ; and the palace 

 called Kia-Martony, a splendid quadrangular structure, eiv 

 1805 by Prince Esterhdzy, to whose family the whole suburb belongs. 

 The park is large, rues in terraces towards the Leitha hilU, and is 

 embellished with temples, a canal and cascades, an avenue of rose- 

 tree*, 262 paces in length, an orangery of 400 trees, nine large 

 conservatories, containing nearly 70,000 plants, water-works impelled 

 by steam, tc. North of the town are zoological gardens. The 

 Prince of Esterhazy has three other magnificent gothic castled in the 

 neighbourhood of the Xetisiedler-See. 



K1SLEBEN, a town in the circle of Merseburg, in Prussian Saxony, 



i ted 18 miles N.W. from Halle, 80 miles N.W. from Merseburg, 



on an eminence above the Bdse, a small feeder of the Elster, in 



3a' N. lat, IT 32' K long., and has a population of about 8000. 



The town has two subdivisions the Old Town, which in surrounded 



lls and ditches, and has seven gates; and the New Town; 



beaidea these it has five suburbs. It contains an old caitle, four 



churche*, a gymnasium, several elementary schools, and two hospitals. 



The chief manufactures are potashes and tobacco ; and there are 



copper and silver-mines in tho neighbourhood, with two smelting- 



works. The town has a brisk inland trade. Luther was born here 



on the 10th of November 1483, and died here on the 13th of February 



1546. The house in which he was born was destroyed by fire in 



June 1089. On its site a more solid building of atone wa soon 



afterwards erected, ami on the 31st of October 1098, it was soK-mnly 



conseerat'-d to the purposes of a poor-house and free-school. In it 



are shown several memorials of Luther. In the principal church 



Andrew's), the pulpit from which Luther preached i still 



jjfBMi ven. 



EJKA I)K LOS C'AIJALLKUOS. [Air, 



MMNT.ntd. .,r YK.K AT A It I. \HUKO, tho chief town of a 

 m the government of IVrm, in the western part of Asiatic 

 aia, was founded by Peter the Great in 1723. It is situ 

 h side* of the Iceth or Iset : the western quarter of the town in 

 built along the slope of a gentle acclivity of the Urnl Mountains, at 

 an elevation of about 880 feet above the level of the sea, in 66* 49' 

 : population about 11,000. The town Is fortified 

 and regularly built ; the streets are long and straight, but they are 

 unpaved, and have planks laid on each side of them by way of afoot- 

 p*vemit The greater part of tho houses ore of woo.!.' l.,,t th, ,. 

 are many handsome rtone-buildings ; tho chief of them form three 

 MM of a square, the fourth side of which is formed by the right 

 bank of the Iceth : them bofldingi compriw the Mining Depart- 

 ment (for Kknt.irint.iirg 1s the seat of administration for the Ural 

 mines), a museum ,f mineralogy, a pul.lic library, an excellent 

 chemical laboratory, an Imperial mint, works for cleansing and amal- 

 gamating metals, as well as for cutting and polishing precious stones, 

 a school for educating miners, an hospital, storehouse*, a guardhouse, 

 Ac. A handsome bridge unites both quarters of the town, and on 

 the acclivity on the left bank of the river U a long range of wooden 



tenement* where the workpeople reside, with the stone resiliences of 

 the public offices between them and the bridge. The merchant* and 

 dealer*' house* in the town are also of stone, and would be an orna- 

 ment to any city in Kiirope. lieaidea five churches, there are a (Jreek 

 monastery, a public school for 800 pupils, a Oerman school, a large 

 bazaar, a magazine for grain, a house of correction, and several district 

 and elementary schools. The population oonaut* of Asiatics and 

 Europeans, the latter principally Hussion* and Oerman*, among whom 

 are numbers of persons exiled for public offenoca. There is a public 

 hall for drugs and chemicals, and a botanic garden attached to the 

 hospital The greater part of the inhabitant* depend upon the Ural 

 mining concerns for their subsistence ; and u EkaUrinburg lie* on 

 the high road from Russia to Siberia, it U a place of transit and of 

 brisk trade. East and north of the town respectively lie the gold 

 mines of Beresoff and Nivianak. A wood of pines encircle* the 

 north-western extremity of the town, and about half a mile beyond 

 lies lake Iset 



KKATKIUNODAR. [TACRIDA.] 



EKATARINOSLAV, or JEKATERINOSLAV, a province in the 

 south of Russia in Europe. It is bounded N. by the provinces of 

 Pultava, Kharkov, and Voroneeh; E. by the territory of the Don- 

 Conaks ; 8. by the sea of Azof and the government , ; and 



W. by the government of Cherson. An isolated pa: > \ ince, 



which constitutes the district of Taganrog and the territory of the 

 Asovian Cossaks, extends round the north-eastern extremity of the 

 Sea of Azof, and is separated from the remainder of EkatarinosUv by 

 the territory of the Don-Cossaks. The area and population of these 

 three divisions are as follows : 



Upwards of two-thirds of the surface are an open steppe, destitute 

 of wood, nud adapted to pasturage only : this is peculiarly the case 

 with that large tract which is situated east of the Dnieper. The 

 districts west of that river ore much more fertile, and are skirted by 

 a range of hills which run northwards from Alexandrofak along the 

 Dnieper. Here it is principally that the arable lands of Kkatarinoalav, 

 occupying about one-fourth of the soil, are situated. Tho whole 

 extent of the woods and forests does not exceed 256,000 acres. The 

 principal river is the Dnieper, which enters the province at its north- 

 western extremity, and, winding through the western parts of it, 

 quits it below Alexaudrofsk. Tho immense block* of granite \\ ii. h 

 obstruct the course of the river at and below Kidak, give i 

 13 beautiful falls (paroghi); and below them tho river is divided by 

 islands into several channels. [Dxixi'BR.] The Don skirts Kkator- 

 inoslav only at its mouth ; but its tributary, the Donees, water* it 

 partially iu the east. The other streams in this province, such a* the 

 Samara, Kalmiug, &c., are of no great importance. There are 

 several lakes, the water of whioh is much impregnated with salt : 

 swamps ore of frequent occurrence. The climate is mild, and not 

 exposed to much variation, and the winter is of short duration. The 

 quantity of grain produced U scarely adequate to the consumption ; 

 in some years it is so scanty that the supply is drawn from foreign 

 parts. Hemp and Snx, peas, beans, lentils, vegetables, fruit, 

 and melons are cultivated. Tho grape ripens, and aouie wiue is 

 mode. The forests do not furnish sufficient timber >! fuel; straw, 

 rushes, and even dung, are used for the latter. The chief kinds 

 of trees in the forests west of tho Dnieper are the oak, lime, and 

 pnplar. In consequence of tho scarcity , the house* are 



built of clay, and roofed with rushes. Cattle-breeding is carri 

 upon an extensive scale, for the steppe* are one vast expanse of 

 pasture-ground. The stock of horses, horned cattle, goat*, and swine 

 in immense ; and numerous flock* of sheep are also kept. Cheese and 

 butter are made of sheep's milk. The number of bee-hive* approxi- 

 mates to 100,000, and vast quantities of honey and wax oru obtained. 

 The culture of the silkworm is a favourite pursuit, and this branch 

 <>f industry is rapidly on the increase. The chase forms a means of 

 livelihood, as wild animals and game are plentiful: under this head 

 may be enumerated the jerboa, wolf, fox, buffalo, antvlojie-giNit, wild 

 cat, tiger-martin, musk-rat, pelican, wild-duck, :md part ridge. The 

 sturgeon and other fisheries on the Dnieper. lon. Kalmiiu, and Sea 

 I 'reductive. Among the mineral products of the 

 . which are few and not of much ini|>ortanco, are lake salt, 

 ,'rauito, chalk in large quantity, clay, and bog-iron. The garnet is 

 occasionally met with. 



The population is a mixed race, componed of Russians, Conaka, 

 Servians, Wallnks, Magyitrs, Albanians, ln>-k. Armenians, Tartars, 

 'iennans, a few Mohammedans, and Jews. All but the Cowak ] 

 the population, which is serai-nomadic, have fixed abode*. The religion 

 >f the majority is Uuso-Greck : the province contain* 690 parishes, 

 and the ccclesiaiticitl head is the archbishop of EkatariuosUv, Cherson, 



