905 



EMBRUN. 



EMS. 



908 



firmness of Theodwin, who had been made abbot, the property was 

 restored. 



In 1 107 Ely was erected into a bishopric by Henry I. Henry VIII., 

 after the surrender of the monastery, granted a charter to convert 

 the conventual church into a cathedral, by the title of the Cathedral 

 Church of the Undivided Trinity. The cathedral of Ely displays 

 a singular mixture of styles of architecture, but taken as a whole 

 it ia a noble structure. The most ancient part is the transept, which 

 was erected in the reigns of William Rufus and Henry I. The nave 

 and great western tower were built in 1174 ; the other parts were 

 erected at different periods between that time and the year 1534. 

 The interior is exceedingly beautiful ; the nave is supported by 

 lofty columns, which are almost without ornament. The octagon 

 tower combines solidity with gracefulness ; and the choir is a perfect 

 specimen of early English architecture. The stalls are beautifully 

 carved. The Lady chapel is a most elaborate example of early 

 English. The length of the cathedral, including the Galilee porch, is 

 517 feet ; and the western tower is 270 feet high. There are many 

 interesting monuments. Ely cathedral has been for several years 

 undergoing the most extensive repairs and restorations under the 

 supervision of the dean and chapter. The interior has been beautifully 

 restored, and the works have been effected in a thoroughly substantial 

 and judicious manner. 



The city is situated on a considerable eminence near the river Ouse. 

 It consists principally of one long street ; the market-place, which is 

 in the centre of the town, contains a commodious corn exchange. 

 The city is lighted with gas. The town-hall is a commodious building, 

 containing in the central portion court-rooms, in the south wing a 

 chapel, and in the north wing an infirmary ; a house of correction is 

 at the back. 



St. Mary's church is a handsome building, partly Norman with 

 portions of early English. The church of the Holy Trinity, which is 

 attached to the cathedral on the south side, was formerly the Lady 

 ChapeL It was commenced in the reign of Edward II., and is one of 

 the most pert'ect buildings of that age. It is 200 feet in length, 46 

 feet in breadth, and 60 feet in height ; it has neither pillars nor side- 

 aisles, but is supported by strong buttresses, surmounted with pin- 

 nacles. There are chapels in Ely for Baptists, Independents, Wesleyan 

 Methodists, and the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion. The 

 (Jrammar school, founded by Henry VIII. in 1541, is under the con- 

 trol of the dean and chapter, who appoint the master. The school is 

 free to 24 boys, called king's scholars, who in addition to instruction 

 receive 3J. 6. 8rf. each per annum. The number of scholars in 1853 

 was 41. There are also National schools, a Charity school, founded in 

 1730, a mechanics institute, and a savings bank. A county court is 

 held in the town. 



The soil in the vicinity is exceedingly fertile, and supplies great 

 quantities of fruit, vegetables, and butter to the London market. 

 There is a considerable manufactory for earthenware and tobacco- 

 pipes, and there are several mills in the isle for the preparation of 

 oil from flax, hemp, and cole-seed ; lime-burning is carried on, and 

 there are several breweries. By the river Ouse and by canal there is 

 water communication with Cambridge, London, Lynn, and Wisbeach. 

 The market is on Thursday for corn and cattle. The fairs are on 

 Ascension Day and the eight following days, and October 29th for 

 horses, cattle, hops, and Cottenham cheese. 



The secular jurisdiction formerly possessed by the bishops of Ely 

 is taken away by the 6th and 7th Will. IV. c. 87, and vested in the 

 king, who is empowered to appoint a Gustos Rotulorum for the isle. 

 The assizes are now held by her Majesty's judges who join the 

 Norfolk circuit. 



The diocese of Ely is in the province of Canterbury. The diocese 

 extends over Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Huntingdonshire, and a 

 part of Suffolk, and comprises 529 benefices. It is divided into four 

 archdeaconries, Ely, Bedford, Huntingdon, and Sudbury. The chapter 

 consists of the dean, the archdeacons, seven canons, five minor canons, 

 and a chancellor. The income of the bishop is fixed at 55001. The 

 bishop has considerable patronage at Cambridge ; he is visitor of four 

 colleges, appoints absolutely to the mastership and one fellowship of 

 Jesus Culleze, chooses one out of two nominated by the society to be 

 master of St. Peter's College, and has besides a considerable number 

 of livings in his gift. 



(Bentham, Hidury of Ely.) 



EMBRUN. [ALPES, HAUTES.] 



EMDEN, the chief town of the province of Aurich, in Hanpver, is 

 nitu.ited in 53 22' 3" N. lat., 7 12' 38" E. long., a little below the 

 outfall of the Ems into Dollart Bay, and has about 12,000 inhabitants, 

 nearly 500 of whom are Jews. The town stands on the east shore of 

 the bay, and is connected with the Ems by a canal about two miles 

 long, called the Delf Canal, which was constructed in 1769. It is 

 surrounded with walls and towers, and consists of Faldern, the old 

 town, and two suburbs, which contain about 2250 houses. It is inter- 

 sected by canals, over which are 30 bridges. Its spacious town-hall, 

 with an old armoury and library, is one of the finest buildings in 

 East Friesland. There are six churches, of which three belong to 

 Dutch Calvinists, one to French Calvinists, one to Lutherans, and 

 one to Roman Catholics. There are also a synagogue, a gymnasium, 

 ichools of navigation and design, elementary schools, a richly endowed 



orphan asylum, a castle and custom-house, barracks, and societies of 

 the fine arts and national antiquities. 



The population of Emden iu 1652 amounted to 20,000, and owned 

 upwards of 600 vessels. A century afterwards the town had so much 

 declined that the population did riot exceed 8000. It came into 

 the hands of Holland in 1808, was made the chief town of the 

 department of Ostem in 1810, and in 1815 was, with the whole of 

 East Friusland, incorporated with the kingdom of Hanover. The 

 port, consisting of an outer and an inner harbour, is shallow. Emden 

 has been a free port since 1751 ; but the Delf Canal, which unites 

 the harbour with the town, and is drained and cleansed by means of five 

 inland canals, has frequently no water in it, and can be entered at 

 high water only ; and even then it is not navigable by vessels which 

 draw more than 13 or 14 feet water. All ships of greater draught 

 are obliged to discharge their cargoes iu the fine roadstead called Delf, 

 into which the canal opens. There is a treckshuyt, or towing canal, 

 about 14 miles in length, between Emden and Aurich. 



Emden is the chief commercial place in Hanover; and ship-building 

 is earned on to a considerable extent. As early as the year 1682 it 

 had an African trading company, and in the middle of the last century 

 an East India company. The herring fishery off Scotland, which is a 

 source of great profit to the place, is carried on by four companies, 

 who send out between 50 and 60 ships. Emden has brandy distilleries 

 and sawing and oil-crushing mills, besides manufactories of fustian, 

 cottons, stockings, sail-cloth, cordage, needles, leather, soap, tobacco, 

 &c. It has considerable trade iu linen, thread, corn, butter and 

 cheese, tallow, wool, hides, &c. Opposite the harbour are the small 

 remains of the island of Nessa, or Nesaerland. It is separated from 

 Delf by a swampy arm of the Ems, and previously to the inundations, 

 which overwhelmed it between the years 1277 and 1287, formed a 

 beautiful spot of about 80 square miles, with a town called Torum, 

 two market-towns, numerous villages, and several monasteries and 

 convents. All that is left of it at the present day is a church and 

 five or six houses, built on high mounds of earth, but protected by 

 dams from the sea. A railway is in course of construction from Einden 

 southward through Liiigen and Osnabriick to the Cologue-Mindeu 

 line, which leads to Hanover. 



EMESA. [SYRIA.] 



EMLY, Tipperary, a small market-town which gives name to a 

 bishopric, is situated in 52 25' N. lat., 8 17' W. long., about 7 miles 

 W.S.W. from Tipperary, and 112 miles S.W. from Dublin by the 

 Dublin and Cork railway. It is said that Emly was anciently a city 

 of some importance, but it is now an insignificant place. The popu- 

 lation in 1851 was 425. The parish church is a good building. The 

 ruins of the cathedral present little of interest. The see of Emly 

 was founded by St. Ailbe, who died in tlie year 527. It was united 

 to the archiepiscopal see of Cashel in 1568. The sees of Cashel and 

 Emly are now united with those of Waterford and Lismore. The 

 chapter consists of a dean, precentor, chancellor, archdeacon, and five 

 prebendaries. 



EMMEKICH. [DUSSELDORF.] 



EMPOLI. [FlRENZE.] 



EMS, the ancient Amisus, a river in the north-west of Germany, 

 which has its source iu the Teutoburg Forest, to the north-west of 

 Paderborn, in Westphalia. From this point the river pursues a 

 sluggish westward course between low banks to Kietberg, then turns 

 to the north until it approaches Harsewinkel, where it bends again to 

 the west past Wahrendorf and Telgte, and thence flows north-westward 

 to Schutdorf, iu Hanover, below the town of Rheine, where it quits 

 the Prussian territory. At Fuestrup, about 5 miles below Telgte, it 

 ia from 4 to 5 feet deep ; and about 5 miles lower down it becomes 

 navigable for small flat-bottomed vessels. It enters the Hanoverian 

 dominions above Schutdorf, and traverses them for about 70 miles. 

 The general direction of this part of its course, in which it makes 

 numerous bends, is due north, until it quits the province of Osnabriiuk, 

 iu passing through which it approaches within a short distance of the 

 town of Lingen, and has that of Meppen on its right bank. The 

 Ems in this part, though full of water in the rainy season, is so 

 shallow in dry weather that a canal, called the Ems Canal, has been 

 opened from Haukensfahe, about 8 miles above Lingen, which runs 

 parallel with the river, has a depth of 5 feet, and rejoins the Ems at 

 the confluence of the Hase at Meppen. From this town to Papen- 

 burg its bed has been deepened, so that in the shallowest spots it has 

 a depth of three feet. Just above Papeuburg the river winds east- 

 ward, and then inclining somewhat to the north-east runs on to Leer, 

 whence it pursues a northerly course till it has passed Vornhasen, 

 and from this spot turns to the north-west, and ultimately enters 

 Dollart Bay in about 53 18' N. lat. The Oster (East) and Wester 

 (West) Ems, which are formed by the sand-banks Rausel and Borkum- 

 rif, are the channels by which the Euis discharges its waters into the 

 North Sea. Between the Ransel and Dollart the Ems is wide, and 

 separates East Frieslaud from the Dutch province of Groniugen. 

 The Ems below Leer widens to a breadth of 300 feet, and between 

 the Dutch aud Hanoverian territories its width varies from 5 to 9 

 miles. The whole length of this river is estimated at about 210 miles, 

 aud it is navigable for vessels of 80 or 100 tons burden as high as 

 Papenburg, where it ceases to be affected by the tides. Its principal 

 tributaries on the right bank are the Hase, which passing Osnabriick 



