929 



ERICHT, LOCH. 



ERZGEBIRGE. 



a gymnasium ; and an orphan asylum in the town. The industrial 

 products of Muhlhausen are linen and -woollen stuffs, and carpets ; 

 there are also several dye-houses, fulling-mills, tanyards, distilleries, 

 ^breweries, oil-mills, starch manufactories, and wool-spinning estab- 

 lishments in the town : copper and iron ores are found near the 

 town. Muhlhausen is one of the oldest of the former free towns in 

 Germany; it maintained its democratic government till 1802 when it 

 was ceded to Prussia. Miinzer, a fanatic who gathered round him a 

 large number of adherents from among the Thuringiaii peasantry 

 during the progress of the reformation in Germany by his socialist 

 harangues, made Muhlhausen his head-quarters, and here after the 

 bloody defeat of his followers at the battle of Frankenhausen he was 

 publicly executed. 



Nordkausen, 40 miles N.N.W. from Erfurt, is situated on the Zorge, 

 a feeder of the Helme, which runs eastward and joins the Unstrut. 

 The town stands at the southern base of the Harz Mountains in a fine 

 corn country, and has about 13,000 inhabitants. It is built in a 

 media-val style and is surrounded by a wall flunked with towers. 

 There are four Lutheran churches, one of which contains the Ecce 

 Homo and the Widow of Nain by Lucas Kranach ; one Catholic 

 church ; and four hospitals. Nordhausen is a busy manufacturing 

 town ; its distilleries are among the largest in Germany, and it has 

 numerous woollen factories, tauyards, oil-mills, soaperies, &c. Among 

 its other industrial products are linen, sealing-wax, hats, and chemical 

 products. Nordhausen js built at the head of the Goldener Aue, or 

 Golden Vale, one of the most fertile and beautiful spots in Germany 

 lying along the Helme, which separates the region of the Harz from 

 that of the Thuringerwald. Its manufacturer and its important corn- 

 market make Nordhausen one of the most flourishing small towns of 

 Prussia. 



Scftleutingm, chief town of the circle, formed out of the Prussian 

 part of the old county of Henneberg, is situated on the Schleuse, a 

 feeder of the Werra, 36 miles W.S.W. from Erfurt, and has 3200 

 inhabitants. The town is walled, entered by two gates, and defended 

 by a castle. It has two churches, a gymnasium, and manufactures of 

 woollens, white lead, hosiery, and paper. 



Weiiteniee, 15 miles N. from Erfurt, between the Helbe and the 

 Unstrut, haa a population of 2600. 



Worbit, 45 miles N.N.W. from Erfurt, between Nordhausen and 

 Heiligenstadt, stands near the source of the Wipper, which after 

 flowing across Schwarzburg-Sondershausen enters the Unstrut between 

 the mouths of the Helbe and the Helme : population about 2000. 



Zieytnriick, the chief place in an isolated circle drained by the 

 upper Saale, and inclosed by Reuss, Saxe- Weimar, Saxe-Meiniugen, 

 and Schwarzburg, is a small place of about 1 000 inhabitants. There 

 are iron forges and slate quarries here, and some manufactures of 

 linen and paper. 



Besides the above the following towns may be mentioned -.Sen- 

 neckttein, in an isolated district situated at the foot of the Harz, and 

 surrounded by Brunswick, is 12 miles N.N.W. from Nordhausen and 

 midway between that town and the Brocken : the population is 

 about 3500. Bleicherode, 12 miles W. from Nordhausen, between the 

 Bode and the Wipper, has mineral springs, oil-mills, manufactories of 

 serge, and woollen stuffs, and 2800 inhabitants. Ellrich, on the Zorge, 

 7 miles above Nordhausen, was formerly chief town of the county of 

 Holmstein. It has three churches, an hospital, manufactures of 

 broadcloth, flannel, serge, stockings, paper, leather, oil, c., and a 

 population of 2600. Within a couple of miles of the town is the grotto 

 of Kelle, which is reached by a descent of 100 steps hi the calcareous 

 rock, and presents an apartment 300 feet long by 270 feet wide ; in its 

 centre is a basin of limpid water about 50 feet deep. Sirmmerda, 4 

 miles S.E. from Weissenaee, on the right bank of the Uustrut, is a 

 walled town with about 3000 inhabitants, who manufacture iron- 

 ware, broadcloth, and spirits. SuU, a manufacturing town of 8000 

 inhabitants, on the Lauter a feeder of the Werra, is situated at the 

 base of the Domberg, a part of the Thuringerwald, in the former 

 county of Henneberg, 7 miles N. by W. from Schleusingen. It is a 

 well-built town with three churches, a town school, and a poorhouse. 

 The inhabitants are weavers, gunsmiths, or metallurgists. The indus- 

 trial products are fustians, white lead, arms, hardware, sheet iron, &c. 

 Iron mines are worked in the neighbourhood. TennstaJt, 10 miles 

 K. N.K. from Langensalza on the Schambach, a small feeder of the 

 Unstrut, has sulphureous springs, three churches, an hospital, and 

 about 3000 inhabitants, who manufacture linen, woollen cloth, 

 and thread. There are tufa quarries and vineyards in the neigh- 

 bourhood. Tennstadt is the birthplace of Ernesti, the great classical 

 commentator. 



KUICHT, LOCH. [INVERNESS-SUIRE.] 



ERIDANUS. [Po.] 



EIU K, I, A K K. [CANADA ; NEW YORK.] 



ERITH. [KENT.] 



ERIVAN, a town in Russian Armenia, is situated near 40 10' N. 

 lat., 44 32' E. long., about 110 miles S. by W. from Tiflia, on the 

 Zenghi, which is here crossed by a handsome stone bridge. The 

 town is built partly on a hill and fortified, besides being defended 

 by a fort or castle which stands on another eminence, is strong 

 by natur- on one side and defended on the other by mud walls. 

 After its capture by Prince Packewitch the castle was not repaired, 



OEOO. DIV. vor.. n. 



but a fortress on a site less exposed to attack from the neighbouring 

 hills has we believe been recently erected. The ruins of the last 

 Persian governor's palace are seen on the steep side of the old fort next 

 the river, which is rapid and not fordable at any season. A stone 

 bridge of a single arch is thrown across the stream just below the 

 castle. Erivan is an ill-built place, but contains a large bazaar, several 

 Armenian churches, a Greek church, an Armenian convent, a public 

 bath, and a few mosques. The site is unhealthy in summer. Caravans 

 from Tiflis to Erz-rum pass through Erivan. The transit trade is 

 considerable, but much less so than when the town belonged to 

 Persia. Some cotton stuffs, leather, and earthenware are manu- 

 factured. The town is of considerable extent, but probably does not 

 contain more than 12,000 inhabitants, the greater part of its area 

 being occupied by gardens, which produce fruits and melons proverbial 

 for their excellence. 



ERLANGEN, a town in Bavaria, in the circle of Middle Franoonia, 

 is situated in a well cultivated plain, near the confluence of the 

 Regnitz and the Schwabach, 11 miles N. from Niirnberg, 24 miles 

 by railway S. from Bamberg, and has a population of about 11,500. 

 It is divided into the Old and New Town, the latter of which was 

 founded by Christian, margrave of Bayreuth, in the year 1686. It is 

 surrounded by walls, and has seven gates. The New Town is hand- 

 some, and regularly built. Erlangen has three Lutheran and two 

 Reformed Lutheran churches, a Roman Catholic church, an orphan 

 asylum, an infirmary, and a military hospital. The palace, which was 

 partially destroyed by fire in 1814, has been fitted up for the use of 

 the Protestant university, which was founded by Frederick, margrave 

 of Bayreuth, in 1743. The university of Erlangeu has faculties of 

 Protestant theology, arts, and medicine, museums of natural history, 

 a library of upwards of 100,000 volumes, and a botanical garden. 

 The average yearly number of students attending this university is 

 about 350. On the revocation of the edict of Nantes many French 

 Protestants settled in Erlangen and introduced various manufactures. 

 The town has factories for weaving and printing cotton goods, and 

 manufactures stockings and hats on a large scale, also gloves, leather, 

 tobacco, looking-glasses, linen, toys, &c. Erlangen, together with the 

 principality of Bayreuth, became an appendage of the Bavarian crown 

 by the treaty of 1809. 



ERLAU (Eger, Jager, Agria), a town in Hungary, capital of tho 

 county of Heves, is situated on the Erlau, in a beautiful valley in the 

 midst of richly cultivated lands, skirted by mountains crownud by 

 woods and vineyards; in 47 53' 54" N. lat., 20 21'53"E. long., and 

 has about 19,000 inhabitants, who are mostly Roman Catholics. The 

 Erlaubach divides it into two parts, which are surrounded by fortifi- 

 cations about seven miles in circuit, through which are six gates. The 

 majority of the inhabitants dwell in the suburbs outside the walls. 

 Erlau was founded by Stephen, king of Hungary, who resided in it in 

 A.D. 1010, and made it the seat of a bishop; since 1803 it gives title to 

 an archbishop. It contains a cathedral, four Roman Catholic churches, 

 two monasteries, a Greek church, and a Protestant church. Tho 

 houses in the town are large, and built in a neat style; the principal 

 ornament is the university, a very handsome and spacious edifice, 

 begun by Count Charles Eszterhazy in 1760, and finished in 1775, at 

 a cost of upwards of 160,0002. ; there is an observatory 172 feet high, 

 a handsome chapel, and a very spacious examination hall and library 

 attached to the institution. The university has faculties of philosophy 

 and jurisprudence, conducted by 16 professors, and is very nume- 

 rously attended. Opposite the University stands the cathedral church, 

 which has nothing remarkable about it; but the neighbouring church 

 of the Minorites is a splendid structure. The archbishop's palace is a 

 fine building situated ou a hill. Erlau has a couuty hall, a high 

 school, an ecclesiastical seminary, a training school, several libraries, 

 an hospital, and two mineral springs. It has also an extensive traffic 

 in, red wines, the produce of the vineyards in the vicinity. The 

 manufactures consist of linens, woollens, hats, &c. 



EKMENONVILLE. [OisE.] 



ERNK, LOUGH. [FERMANAGH.] 



ERNEE. [MAYENNE.] 



ERPINGHAM, Norfolk, a village and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, in the parish of Erpingham, is situated iu 52 50' N. lat., 

 1 16' E. long.; distant 1(5 miles N. from Norwich, and 122 miles 

 N.N.E. from London by road. The population of the parish of 

 Erpingham in 1851 was 436. The living is a rectory in the archdea- 

 conry and diocese of Norwich. Erpingham Poor-Law Union contains 

 49 parishes and townships, with an area of 63,638 acres, and a popula- 

 tion in 1851 of 21,409. The parish church of Erpmgham is a massive 

 structure, with a square tower : it has been lately repaired. The 

 population is chiefly agricultural. 



EltROL. [PERTHSHIRE.] 



ERZGEBIRGE (the Ore Mountains) is a mountain range in 

 Germany, extending along tho boundary of Bohemia and Saxouy. It 

 begins about 25 miles S.E. from Dresden, on the left bank of the 

 Elbe, and extends in a west by south direction to the source of tho 

 White Bister, about 12" 20' E. long., where it is connected with the 

 Fichtel-gebirge. The river Elbe divides its eastern extremity from 

 the Winterberg, the most western of the mountains of Lausitz, or 

 Lusatia. The Ore Mountains extend in length about 100 miles, and 

 their mean width is about 30 miles. 



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