EUSTATIUS, ST. 



EVREUX. 



ass 



We add a table of the mammalia which are found in Europe 

 similar to that given under Asia, and from the same authority. 



EUSTATIUS, ST., one of the Leeward islands in the West Indies, 

 in 17 33' N. lat., C3 3' W. long., is a small rocky island, about 

 25 miles in circumference, rising from the sea in the form of a 

 truncated cone, terminating in a plain surrounded with woods, 

 having a hollow in the centre, which is now a vast den for numerous 

 wild beasts, and is perhaps the crater of an extinct volcano. The 

 climate is in general healthy, but the island is frequently visited 

 by dreadful thunderstorms, and hurricanes which usually occur 

 in August and September. The extraordinary fertility of the 

 soil, aided by the industry of the Dutch, who have cultivated 

 the island to the very summit, have rendered it one of the most 

 flourishing and wealthy of all the Caribbee Islands. The principal 

 article of cultivation is tobacco, but they grow likewise sugar, indigo, 

 and cotton. The island has great abundance of hogs, goats, rabbits, 

 ami poultry of all kinds, not only for the consumption of the 

 inhabitants themselves, but for the supply of the neighbouring 

 colonies. This may be one ground of the very jealous policy of the 

 Dutch, which is far more strict than that of the other European 

 nations who possess any of the islands. The only landing-place, 

 naturally difficult of access, is guarded by a fort, and fortified so 

 as to render it impregnable ; nor has anything been neglected to 

 render every part of the island equally so. This island belongs to 

 the Dutch, who colonised it about the year 1600. The united areas of 

 St. Eustache and Curacoa amount to 368 square miles ; and the 

 united population of the two islands on the last day of 1852 was 

 26,311. The Christian population of St. Eustache included 1371 

 Protestants, 175 Catholics, and 360 Methodists. In Curacoa there 

 were 12,933 Catholics, 1833 Protestants, and 758 Jews. We know 

 not what amount of Pagan population belongs to each. [CuRAijoA.] 



EUXINE. [BLACK SEA.] 



EVAUX. [CREUSE.] 



EVENUS. [^ETOLIA.] 



EVERGEM. [FLANDERS, EAST.] 



EVERSHOT. [DORSETSHIRE.] 



EVERTON. [LANCASHIRE.] 



EVESHAM, Worcestershire, a municipal ami parliamentary borough 

 and market-town, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is pleasantly 

 situated on the right bank of the river Avon, in 52 5' N. lat., 1 56' 

 W. long., distant 15 miles S.E. by E. from Worcester, 96 miles N.W. 

 by W. from London by road, and 109 miles by the Great Western and 

 Oxford and Wolverhampton railways. The population of the borough 

 of Evesham in 1851 was 4605. The borough is governed by 4 alder- 

 men and 12 councillors, one of whom is mayor, and returns two 

 members to the Imperial Parliament. The living is a vicarage in the 

 archdeaconry and diocese of Worcester. Evesham Poor-Law Union 

 contains 30 parishes and townships, with an area of 43,050 acres, and 

 a population in 1851 of 14,338. 



Evesham, originally Eovesham, was of some importance prior to 

 the Norman Conquest. An abbey, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, 

 was founded here at the beginning of the 8th century, which possessed 

 numerous endowments and extensive privileges. Clement Lichfield, 

 one of the last of its abbots, built the isolated tower called the Abbot's 

 Tower, to be used as a bell tower. It was erected immediately pre- 

 ceding the Reformation, and is a beautiful specimen of the perpendicular 

 style. The tower is 110 feet in height, and 28 feet square at the 

 base. 



An ancient stone bridge of eight arches crosses the river at Evesham. 

 The two principal streets of Evegham are wide and clean : the town is 

 lighted with gas, and paved. The guildhall, erected in the 16th 

 century, in the market-square, was repaired by subscription in 1834. 

 Considerable improvement has been effected in the town of late years. 

 The parish church of All Saints is chiefly of the decorated style ; the 

 earliest portion is of the 13th century. It has a tower and spire, and 

 a very handsome porch. St. Lawrence's church was in ruins for 

 nearly a century till 1837, when it was restored. The style is perpen- 

 dicular. St. Peter's church, Benjreworth, on the left bank of the Avon, 

 was built in the 13th century. The Baptists, Independents, Weslcyan 

 Methodist*, Quakers, and Unitarians have places of worship, and there 

 arc National, British, and Infant schools, a literary institute, a savings 



bank, a medical dispensary, and various charities. The Grammar 

 school, founded by Abbot Lichfield, and re-founded iu 1605 by Prince 

 Henry, the eldest sou of James I., is free to none ; the scholars pay a 

 small quarterage. The income from endowment is 142. a year and a 

 house : the number of scholars on the foundation in 1853 was 12. At 

 Bengeworth is a school founded in 1729, under the will of Alderman 

 John Deacle of London, for poor children of the parish of Bengeworth, 

 of which the founder was a native. The income from endowment is 

 256^. a year ; the number of scholars iu 1852 was 30. The affairs of 

 this school are iu Chancery. Petty sessions and a county court are 

 held. The vale of Evesham is exceedingly fertile, and numerous 

 market-gardens are in the vicinity of the town. A considerable 

 amount of business is done in hops and seeds ; there are corn-mills 

 and a linseed-oil mill. Malting, tanning, and the making of agricultural 

 implements are carried on. Many females are employed iu sewing kid- 

 gloves for the glove-makers of Worcester. Parchment is made to some 

 extent. The market-day is Monday. Fairs are held on February 2nd, the 

 Monday after Easter, Whit-Monday, and September 21st. The Sep- 

 tember fair is usually well supplied with cattle aud horses. A great 

 battle was fought near Evesham on the 4th of August, 1265, between 

 Prince Edward (afterwards Edward I.) and Simon Montfort, earl of 

 Leicester, iu which Montfort was completely defeated, and he and his 

 son fell in battle. 



(Nash, Worcestershire ; May, History of Evesham; Communication 

 from Ei'esham.) 



EVORA. [ALEMTEJO.] 



EVRAN. [COTES-DU-NORD.] 



EVREUX, an ancient episcopal city in France, the capital of the 

 department of Eure, stands in a pretty valley shut in by hills on the 

 north and south, aud watered by the Iton, which flows through the 

 town in three branches, on its way to the Eure. It is situated, in 

 49 1' 30" N. lat., 1 9' 14" E. long., at a distance of GO miles W. from 

 Paris, and has 11,706 inhabitants. The streets of Evreux arc broad and 

 neat ; the houses are mostly built of wood and plaster. The cathe- 

 dral, which dates from the llth century, is a very imposing cruciform 

 structure, though it is not uniform in style. The north transept and 

 the portal leading to it are in the florid gothic, and are greatly 

 admired ; the west front is in the Italian style ; the interior is lighted 

 through many beautiful painted glass windows, of which those of the 

 Ladye chapel, and the rose windows of the choir and transepts are 

 particularly admired. At the intersection of the nave and transepts 

 rises an octagonal tower, built with cut stone, and supported on four 

 pillars. The tower is surmounted by a pyramidal spire of open stone- 

 work of the most graceful execution. The abbey church of St. Thaurin, 

 built by Richard II., duke of Normandy, also presents specimens of 

 different styles, introduced in the various repairs it has undergone : it 

 contains the shrine of St. Thaurin, executed in. the 13th century. 

 This church was originally built in A.D. 660, over the tomb of St. 

 Thaurin, first bishop of Evreux, the chief events of whose life are 

 depicted on the windows of the choir. Other remarkable objects are 

 the clock-tower, the public library, the botanical garden, the prefect's 

 residence, the bishop's palace, the prison, the park, aud the prome- 

 nades in the neighbourhood, which is prettily laid out in gardens, 

 vineyards, and meadows. The magnificent Chateau-de-Navarre, near 

 the town, built by the Duke of Bouillon on the site of a country-house 

 of Jeanne de Navarre, was the residence of the young Pretender pre- 

 vious to 1745, aud of the Empress Josephine for some time after her 

 divorce from Napoleon ; it was demolished in 1836, its plantations cut 

 down, its streams turned to drive machinery, aud its grounds brougUt 

 into profitable cultivation. There remains however still a paviliou 

 named the little chateau, which was built iu 1749 ou the occasion of a 

 visit from Louis XV. 



The town has tribunals of first instance and of commerce, two eccle- 

 siastical schools, a college, primary normal school, savings bank, &c. 

 The manufactures are ticking, hosieiy, woollen shift's, vinegar, cotton- 

 yarn, leather, &c. ; and the commerce of the town is composed of 

 these a.-ticles and of corn, brandy, cider, perry, liuseed-oil, linen 

 hides, and groceries. The railway from Paris to Cherbourg, which 

 leaves the Paris-Rouen Hue at Rosny, below Mantes, and is now in 

 course of construction, passes through Evreux. A branch railway is 

 also in course of construction to Evreux from the Vemon station on 

 the Paris-Rouen line, as stated in the article on the department of 

 Eure. [EURE.] 



Evreux stands on or near the site of the ancient Mediolanum, the capital 

 of the Aulerci Eburoviccs. The name Eb urovices was afterwards applied 

 to their chief city, and in the middle ages appears under the corrupted 

 Latin forms of Ebi'oicai and Ebroas, from which is derived. Evreux. 

 The town was taken from the Romans by Clovis. In 892 the North- 

 men under Rollo sacked and plundered it. After the settlement of 

 the Northmen in this part of France, Evreux and its dependencies 

 were governed by counts, from whom it passed to the house of Mont- 

 fort in 1118; but Henry I., king of England and duke of Normandy, 

 who was at enmity with that family, seized Evreux and its territory 

 aud erected it into a distinct county in favour of one of his natural 

 sons. Montfort however, aided by the Counts of Anjou and Flanders, 

 laid siege to Evreux, which was put into his hands by treason. On. 

 this occasion the English garrison was massacred, aud the houses and 

 churches given up to pillage. In the beginning of the 12th century 



