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EWRLL. 



EXMOUTH. 





On 1110) Evreux was burned by Henry I., king of England ; ml towards 

 UM rlnM of the tame century (in 1194 and 1199) it was twice taken 

 by Philippe August*, kin? of Franco, who shortly afterward* acquired 

 permanent poanuioii of it. The county of Evreux was be*towed u 

 an appanage on a branch of the* royal family of France, which snbse- 

 qucntly acquired the throne of Navarre ; but on the death of Charles 

 the Bad, king of Navarre, it rererted to the French crown. In the 

 wara of the English in France, under Henry V. and Henry VI., Evreux 

 wa* repeatedly taken and retaken; in 1441 it was captured, after a 

 rigorous resistance, by the French. The town wu besieged and taken 

 by Marshal de lliron shortly before the battle of Ivry. The castle of 

 Erreux, which stood within the town, was replaced by a residence of 

 the dukes of Bouillon, erected in 1952, and now used as the prefect's 

 -residence. The clock-tower stands on the site of the keep of the old 



At Vitil f'rrttur, a Tillage near Erreux, there are several ancient 

 remains, including a theatre, an aqueduct, and some fortifications, 

 which are supposed by some to mark the site of Metliolnnum. 



(Dietiomutirt de la France; Le Brasaeur, ffittoire du Comtt 

 cf/Crmw.) 



F. \VKLL. fScnnrr] 



F.X, IMVF.U. [IHvoxsmns.] 

 IHKI II,. [DOBDOCNE.] 



K X F.TER, Devonshire, the capital of the county, a city and connty 

 in itself, and a parliamentary borough, is situated on elevated ground 

 on the left bank of the river Ex, in 50" 44' N. lot, 8" 33' W. long., 

 distant 164 miles W.S.W. from London by road, and 103 miles by the 

 Great Western railway. The city is governed by 12 aldermen and 36 

 councillors, one of whom is mayor, and returns two members to the 

 Imperial Parliament. The population of the city and county of 

 Exeter in 1851 was 82,818 ; that of the parliamentary borough 

 40,688. The livings are in the archdeaconry and diocese of Exeter. 

 Fur Poor-Law purposes the city of Exeter is managed under a 

 local net. 



Exeter is supposed to have been a settlement of the Britons before 

 the Roman invasion. It was then called Caer-Ic and Caer-Rydh, 

 the former derived from ita situation on the Ex or Inc, the latter from 

 the red soil on which the castle in built. By the Romans it was called 

 Isca Dumnoniorum. Many coins, small bronze statues or penates, 

 tetaelated pavements, and other Roman antiquities have been dis- 

 covered near the walls and in the neighbourhood of the city. In the 

 reign of Alfred the town was called Exan-Cestre (Castle on the Ex), 

 whence its present name. About 927 the Cornish men were dispos- 

 sessed of Exeter by Atbelstan, who is regarded as the founder of the 

 existing city. William the Conqueror took possession of the city 

 after a close siege of 18 days. It was besieged on several occasions in 

 later periods of ita history. 



The city of Exeter was formerly surrounded by walls and strongly 

 fortified. Situated on a high eminence, on the north side of the town, 

 are the ruins of the castle, called Rougemont.' It was completely 

 dismantled during the civil war. In the area of the castle-yard a 

 Moions-honae has been erected, a neat building, faced with Portland 

 stone ; it contains, in addition to two good-sized courts, a grand-jury 

 room, magistrates' room, Ac. In front is a Urge open space, where 

 county, election, and other meetings are held. To the north of the 

 castle is a delightful walk, shaded by fine old elm-trees, called ' tin- 

 Northernhay.' Nearly in the centre of Exeter is the guildhall, where 

 the assizes for the city are held, as well as the sessions, elections, and 

 other civic business. The buildine contains several valuable portraits, 

 among other* those of Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles the First, of 

 her daughter Henrietta, duchess of Orleans, who was born in Exeter, 

 and of General Monk. Exeter cathedral, as it at present stands, was 

 probably begun soon after the see of Devon was transferred to Exeter 

 from Crediton, in the year 1049. It wa considerably altered and 

 enlarged by Warlewast, third bishop of Exeter, a Norman, who came 

 orer with the Conqueror. It then assumed its present cruciform 

 shape, but underwent numberless alterations and additions during the 

 8th and 14th centuries. It now consists of a nave, 76 feet in width 

 and 175 feet in length, with aisles on each side ; two short transepts, 

 formed by two Norman towers 145 feet in height ; a choir of the same 

 Width a* the nave, and 128 feet in length ; ten chapels or oratories, 

 and a chaptrr-ho.me. The whole building from east to west (including 



U Mary s Chapel) i, 408 feet in length. The western front is highly 

 tl with a profusion of niches and elegantly-carved figures, and 

 present* one of the richest facades of any building in England. The 

 rajetior to exceedingly fine in it* decoration* and general appearance. 

 The bishop s throne, which is of black oak, elaborately carved rises 

 In a pyramidal form to the height of 62 fctj it was erected towards 

 the dose of the 15th century. In the cathedral are numerous monu- 

 ments of interest The chapter house is n beautiful edifice, with a 

 handsome oak roof; in this building is contained the cathedral library, 

 consisting of about 8000 volumes. The organ is one of the largest in 

 F.nropp ; the large pipe* are nearly 23 feet in height, and 4 feet in 

 circumference. In the north tower are the 'Peter'Wl, one of the 

 largest bells in the kingdom, and a large clock of exceedingly cnrious 

 antique workmanship. The south tower contains a peal of 11 bells. 



The city was anciently held in demesne by the crown : its earliest 

 charter wu granted by Henry I. The corporation hold a court of 



quarto* session*, and the assizes are held by the judge* of the western 

 circuit twice a year for the county of the city at the guildhall, and 

 twice a year for Devonshire at the sessions-house. A county court U 

 held in the city. There are places of worship for Baptists, Quaker*, 

 Independent*, Wealeyan and other Methodists, Unitarians, Roman 

 Catholics, and Jews. 



Exeter is on the whole a well-built and clean city. Two main line* 

 of street intersect each other, meeting in the central part of the city ; 

 one line is called the High-street and Fore-street, the other North- 

 street and South-street The older streets are generally narrow, but 

 there are handsome squares and terraces in Northenhay, Southernhay, 

 Ac., which contain many well-built house*. Exeter is lighted with 

 gas, and is supplied with water by water-works erected in 1784. The 

 guildhall, in High-street, was rebuilt about the middle of the 1 5th 

 century ; it has a singular portico, supposed to have been added about 

 the close of the 16th century : the portico projects into the street, 

 and forms a prominent feature in the line of buildings. The sub- 

 scription ball-room is a spacious apartment, measuring 80 feet by 

 40 feet, and is very handsomely fitted up. A subscription libi 

 in Fore-street In the cathedral yard is the Devon aud Exeter Insti- 

 tution, founded in 1S18, for the promotion of arts, Ac., the library of 

 which contains several thousand volumes. A museum is connected 

 with the Polytechnic Institution, founded in 1847. Among other 

 public buildings are the custom-house on the quay, the theatre, 

 cavalry barracks, bridewell, county jail, and city prison. A handsome 

 stone bridge of a single arch was erected over the river Ex in the year 

 1778, at an expense of about 20,000*., a little above the site of an 

 ancient bridge originally built in 1250. The port of Exeter extends 

 from the coast near Lyme Regis to the Ness Point The ship canal, 

 by which vessel* of considerable size come up to the city, was 

 originally formed in 1544, contributions of a portion of their commu- 

 nion plate having been made towards the expense by the parishes 

 interested in the scheme. In 1827 the canal was lengthened and 

 deepened, and a spacious wet-dock constructed at the Exeter termi- 

 nation of the canal. The gross amount of customs duties received 

 at the port during 1851 was 93,1842. 10*. Id. On December 31st, 

 1853, the vessels registered at the port were: 41 under 50 tons, 

 tonnage 1197 : and 146 above 50 tons, tonnage 19,533. During 1853 

 there were entered, coastwise, of sailing vessels, inwards 598, in all 

 57,785 tons; and outwards 216, reckoning 9,961 tons. The colonial 

 and foreign trade included an aggregate of 226 vessels and 1 4,037 tons 

 inwards, and 65 vessels and 5787 tons outwards. There are few 

 manufactures in Exeter; the inhabitants are chiefly employed in 

 retail trade and in handicrafts. 



A considerable import and export commerce U conducted here, the 

 dairy, orchard, and farm produce of the neighbouring districts sup- 

 plying articles of exchange for commodities of foreign production. 

 There are market-houses in Fore-street and Queen-street ; the market- 

 days are Wednesday and Friday; there is a daily market for fish, 

 fruit, Ac. Four fairs are held in the course of the year. A great 

 horse-fair is held tit Alphington, about a mile from Exeter. 



The Free Grammar school was founded by the citizens in the reign 

 of Charles I. ; the sons of freemen are instructed gratuitously. There 

 are eighteen exhibitions to the universities of Oxford or Cambridge, 

 six of which are of 402. each, the others much less. The school 

 possesses an income from endowment of 4CI. a year, and had 60 

 scholars in 1853. There are several National, British, and Clnrity 

 schools. The Devon and Exeter Hospital is supported by subscription, 

 and has a considerable income arising from funded property. There 

 are in the city a lunatic asylum, a dispensary, an eye infirmary, .in 

 institution for the deaf and dumb, an institution for the blind, a 

 mechanics institution, a savings bank, and several almshouses. 



The diocese of Exeter is in the province of Canterbury ; it extends 

 over the counties of Devonshire and Cornwall and the Scilly Islands, 

 and comprises 429 benefices. It is divided into four archdeaconries, 

 Exeter, Barnstaple, Totncs, and Cornwall The chapter consists of 

 the dean, the archdeacons, six canons, a precentor, a chancellor, and 

 seventeen prebendaries. The income of the bishop is fixed at 27001. 

 I \. u-. 



(Isaacke, Ureter ; Roulcbook of Daon ; Handbook of Devon ; Land 

 We Lire In, vol. iii.) 



KX1TKK. [Niw HAMPSHIRE.] 



K\ Mi H'TH. I ii-vonshire, a market-town and watering-place in the 

 parishes of Littleham and Withycombe Itawleigh, is situated nt the 

 mouth of the river Ex, on its left bank, in 60 37' N. hit., 

 W. long. ; distant 10 miles S.E. by S. from Exeter, and 170 miles 

 S.W. by W. from London by road. The population of the town of 

 Exmouth in 1851 was 6123. The living is a curacy annexed to the 

 vicarage of Littleham, in the archdeaconry and diocese of Exeter. 



Exmouth was a place of some importance in the time of Kin;; 

 John, when it was one of the chief ports on the coast In I 

 contributed 10 ship* and 193 seamen a* it* proportion of the fleet 

 which Edward III. sent to attack Calais. The origin of Exmouth as 

 a watering-place dates from about the commencement of the 18th 

 century, and till the rise of Torquay it was the first on tho Devonshire 

 coast in point of importance as well as of time. 



The old town 'of Exmouth is built on the base, and the now town 

 on tho slope and summit of a hill. On tho beach is a good bathing 



