EYAM. 



FAlOUM. 



990 



place, as well as baths. The town ia well supplied with hotels, 

 lodging-houses, public walks, libraries, assembly aud subscription 

 rooms, &c. The houses aud shops are well built, and there is a good 

 market. The sea-wall, 1800 feet long, is of much service as a pro- 

 menade and drive. Exmouth contains a church, chapels for Inde- 

 pendents and other Dissenters, and a National school. From Beacon 

 Hill are obtained some fiue inland and seaward prospects. With Star 

 Cross, on the opposite side of the Ex, where is the nearest railway 

 station, there is communication by ferry. 



(Borlase, Devonshire; Land We Live In, voL iii. ; Koutebook of 

 Devon ; Handbook of Devon and Cornwall.) 



EYAM. [DERBYSHIRE.] 



EYE, Suffolk, a market-town and municipal and parliamentary 

 borough, in the parish of Eye, is situated in 52 19' N. lat., 1 8' 

 E. long. ; distant 20 miles N. from Ipswich, and 89 miles N.E. by N. 

 from London. Mellis station of the Ipswich, Bury, and Norwich 

 railway, which is 2 miles from Eye, is 91 miles distant from London. 

 The population of the parish of Eye, with which the municipal 

 borough is co-extensive, was 2587 in 1851; that of the parliamentary 

 borough, which includes several adjacent parishes, was 7531. The [ 

 borough is governed by 4 aldermen and 12 councillors, and | 

 returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. The living is a 1 

 vicarage in the archdeaconry of Suffolk and diocese of Norwich. 



Eye is pleasantly situated on a small feeder of the Waveney. This 

 rivulet was probably navigable at one time, and surrounding the 

 town ia supposed to have given rise to the name, which signifies in 

 Anglo Saxon an island. Roman coins have been found in the neigh- 

 bourhood. The town was incorporated by King John, and sent two 

 members to Parliament from tho time of Elizabeth to the passing of 



the Reform Act. There was formerly at Eye a castle and a small 

 Benedictine priory. Of the monastic buildings there are some 

 remains. The streets of the town are rather narrow and irregularly 

 built. The public buildings are a town-hall, a freemasons hall, an 

 assembly room (formerly a theatre), aud a jail. The church is hand- 

 some and spacious, with a fine embattled tower, and an elegant gothic 

 porch. The Baptists and Wesleyan Methodists have places of worship. 

 The Free Grammar school, founded in the 16th century, has an 

 endowment of 601. per annum ; the number of scholars on the 

 foundation in 1853 was 30. There are also a Free school, almshouses, 

 and a savings bank. Brewing, coach-making, and the manufacture of 

 agricultural implements are earned on. The corn-market is held on 

 Tuesday, and the general market for butter and vegetables on 

 Saturday. There are two annual fairs. 



EYEMOUTH. [BERWICKSHIRE.] 



EYGUIERES. [BOUCHES-DC-RHONE.] 



EYLAU, or PREUSSISCH-EILAU, a town in Prussia, in the 

 government of Konigsberg, is situated on the Pasmer, in 54 25' 

 N. lat., 20 35' E. long., about 20 miles S. from the town of Kouigs- 

 berg, and has an old castle, a church, and about 2500 inhabitants, who 

 manufacture woollen cloths, hats, leather, &c. The name it bears has 

 been given to it in order to distinguish it from Deutscli-Eilau, a town 

 in the Prussian administrative circle of Marieuwerder. Eylau is 

 noticed here merely because it gives name to the battle fought there, 

 Feb. 8, 1807, in which the French under Napoleon I. defeated the 

 allied armies of Russia and Prussia, 



EYMET. [DOKDOONE.] 



EYNESFORD. [REST.] 



EYRE-COURT. [GALWAY.] 



T\AE'NZA, the ancient Faventia, an episcopal town of the Papal 

 J- States, in the province of Ravenna, is situated in a well-cultivated 

 plain watered by the Lamone, 20 miles S.W. from Ravenna, and has 

 a population of about 20,000. The Zanelli Canal runs from the 

 Lamone at Faenza to the southernmost arm of the Po. Faenza is a 

 well-built modern-looking town, surrounded by walls, and further 

 defended by a citadel. The streets are regular ; there are a fine 

 market-place surrounded by arcades, many palaces, churches rich in 

 paintings, several convents, a fine bridge on the Lamone, a theatre, and 

 a lyceum. The town has also a school of paintings, a college, an 

 hospital, and lunatic and orphan asylums. There are several manu- 

 factories of glazed and coloured earthenware, which is called 'majolica' 

 in Italy, and 'faience' in France, where it was introduced from Faenza. 

 There are also manufactories for spinning and weaving silk, some 

 paper-mills, and a considerable trade by the Zanelli Canal. 



Faventia was anciently a town of the Boii, and afterwards a muni- 

 cipium under the Romans. It was near Faventia that Sulla defeated 

 the consul Carbo and drove him out of Italy. (Livy, ' Epitome,' 88.) 

 The town was afterwards mined by the Goths, and restored under the 

 Exarchs ; but its walls were not raised until A.D. 1286. It was then 

 for some time subject to the Bolognese, but was afterwards ruled by 

 the house of Maufredi to the end of the 15th century, when it was 

 seized by Pope Alexander VI., and has since been annexed to the 

 States of the Church. 



FAlOUM, a province of Egypt, to the west of the Libyan ridge, 

 which bounds the Valley of the Nile on the west. About 12 miles 

 N.W. from Benisouef there is a depression in the ridge six miles 

 in length, which leads to the plain of the Fa'ioum. This plain is of a 

 circular form, about 40 miles from east to west, and about 30 miles 

 from north to south. The northern and north-western part of it 

 is occupied by the lake called Birket-el-Keroun. A range of 

 naked rocks bounds the lake to the north, and joins towards the east 

 the Libyan range, which skirts the Valley of the Nile. To the west 

 and south the plain is bounded by lower hills which divide it from 

 the Libyan Desert. It forms in fact a basin with only one opening or 

 outlet on the eastern side towards the Nile. The Bahr-Yussouf, or Great 

 Canal, which runs parallel to the Nile and skirts the Libyan ridge, on 

 arriving at the gap above mentioned, at a village called Howarah 

 Illahoun, turns to the west, passing under a bridge of three arches, 

 through which the water flows and forms a fall of about three feet at 

 low water. It then runs along the valley, and on reaching the entrance 

 of the Faioum, at the village of Howarah-el-Soghair, a wide cut 

 branches off from it to the right, running first north and then north- 

 west, and passing by Tamieh meets the north-east extremity of the 

 lake. About two miles below Howarah-el-Soghair another deep 

 ravine opens to the south, and then turning south-west passes by 

 Nezleh, and enters the south-west part of the lake. Between these 

 two branches the cultivated part of the Faloum is contained. But 

 these two cuts have been long dyked across at their beginning, in 

 order to economise the water of the Nile, which owing to the rising 

 of the bed of the Bahr-Yussouf flows less copiously than formerly. 

 Only a email part of the water finds its way to the lake by the Tamieh 

 and Nezleh cuts. Tho main stream continues its coui .. v,-;stward 



towards the middle of the plain and the town of Medinet-el-Fa'ioum, 

 I the capital of the province. Here the water becomes distributed 

 [ into a multitude of small canals for irrigation, which spread in every 

 1 direction through the central part of the plain, and which are the 

 cause of its extraordinary fertility, for the Bahr-Yussouf contains 

 water all the year round. But that fertility exists only within tho 

 range of the canals. All the part west of Nezleh is arid and sandy, 

 and only inhabited by a few nomad Arabs, though it bears the traces 

 of former cultivation. The strip of land which borders the Lake 

 Keroun is low and marshy, marking the original basin of the lake, 

 which is separated from the cultivated lands by a considerable rise all 

 along. The lake is described under BIRKET-EL-KEROUN. It is calcu- 

 lated that the land susceptible of cultivation in the Fa'ioum is about 

 450 square miles, of which hardly one-half is now cultivated. The 

 villages, which are said to have been at one time above 300, are now 

 reduced to less than 70. Still the cultivated part is superior in ferti- 

 lity to every other province of Egypt, from which it differs in tho 

 greater variety of its products and the better appearance of its villages. 

 In addition to corn, cotton, and the other cultivated plants, it produces 

 an abundance of apricots, figs, grapes, olives, and other fruit-trees, which 

 thrive here better than in the Valley of the Nile. A vast quantity 

 of roses also grow in the Faloum, and this district is celebrated for 

 the manufacture of rose-water, which is sold at Cairo aud all over 

 Egypt for the use of the wealthy. 



The province is the ancient Arsino'ite Nome. The remains of anti- 

 quities in the Faioum are few. Two pyramids of baked bricks about 

 70 feet high stand at the entrance of the valley, one near Howarah 

 llahoun, and the other near Howarah-el-Sogha'ir. There is an obelisk 

 of red granite 43 feet high, with a circular top, and sculptured with 

 numerous hieroglyphics, near the village of Bijige, a few miles south 

 of Medinet-el-Faioum. Near Medinet-el-Faioum are also some remains 

 of tho ancient Arsinoc or Crocodilopolis, consisting of fragments of 

 granite columns and statues. At Kasr-Keroun, near the south-west 

 extremity of the lake, is a temple 94 feet by 03 and about 40 feet 

 high, which contains 14 chambers, and appears to be of the Roman 

 | period. On the north-west bank of the lake, at a place called Denay, 

 j a raised pavement or dromos, about 1300 feet in length, leads to a 

 ! building, partly of stone and partly of brick, 109 feet by 67, divided 

 into several apartments and surrounded by an outer wall of crude 

 brick, 370 feet by 270. This is supposed to be the site of the ancient 

 Dionysias. Further to the east, but on the same bank of the lake, at 

 a place called Kom-Waseem-el-Hogar, are the ruins of Bacchis. The 

 direction of the principal streets and the plans of many of the houses 

 may be distinctly traced. The site of the ancient labyrinth has not 

 yet been ascertained. At Fedmin-el-Kuno'is, or 'the place of churches' 

 in Coptic, near the south-east bank of the lake, are some remains of 

 early Christian monuments. 



The mountains along the north bank of the Lake Keroun, on which 

 the rains fall annually, are said to contain salt, and to this circum- 

 stance the saltness of the waters of the lake is attributed by some. 

 [BlHKET-EL-KEROCN.] 



South of the Faioum there is an opening through tho ridge of low 

 hills leading into a smaller circular plain or basin, with a small lake 



