FALUN. 



FA1UNGDON. 



16 mile* at its wid.t part. The area in about 1*7 square mils and 

 the population in 1850 WH 88,249. The aurface is flat but it liea 

 higher than Lealand, hat belt, r water, and a healthier atmosphere, 

 and U accounted one of the beet cultivated and moet productive 

 part* of the Danish dominions. In the south the inland terminate! 

 in two long narrow tongue* of land, formed by an arm of the tea 

 called the Noret. The western tongue of land baa a lighthouse upon 

 it, beyond which a reef of rock* extend* fa into the sea. The com 

 produce U more than adequate to the consumption, *> that between 

 90,000 to 85,000 quartet* are annually exported. Flax and hemp, 

 hope, potatoes, and other vegetable* are grown. Large quantities of 

 fruit are raised, and apple* in |rtioular re a considerable article of 

 exportation. The woodlands occupy about one-sixth of the whole 

 mirfaee. Horned-cattle and fhevp are bred, and the forest* afford food 

 for a great number of swine. Much wax and honey are obtained ; 

 poultry and geese are abundant There axe no rivers but the Aar, 

 an inconsiderable stream, and the short river through which the 

 Mariboersee, a large lake, has an outlet into the sea. There are no 

 manufactories on the island ; but the people make their own clothing, 

 stockings, and spirit*. The principal imports are colonial produce, 

 salt, and tobacco ; and the exports are grain, salt meat, butter, fruit, 

 lire cattle, potatoes, Ac. There U some skip-building. 



Falatrr U divided into two districts, the North and South Harder. 

 IfytioeiiHff, the chief town, is situated on the western side of the 

 island upon the Giddborgmmd ; it is a pleasant well-built place, has 

 some traces of former fortifications, contains a cathedral and church, 

 several schools, a town-hall, an hospital, and a population of about 

 1800. There is an ancient castle, in which several dowager queens of 

 l>enmark have resided, called Norre Ladegaard. The town has a good 

 corn trade. Stubtetiobiny, the other town, is an inconsiderable place 

 on the Gninsund in the north-east, opposite the island of B.iagoe ; 

 it is surrounded by walls, and has eight streets, a church, a school, 

 a poor-house, and about 1000 inhabitants. 



The islands of Falster and Laalnnd with the islets of Farnii and 

 Fayo, to the north of the latter, and some other small islets round 

 the coast*, form a stift or province of Denmark called Falster- Laaland, 

 which has an area of 639 square miles with a total population (in 

 1850) of 79,017. 



FALUN, or FAHLUN, a town in Sweden, the capital of Dale- 

 cariia, which now constitutes the Falun La'n, is situated near the west 

 shore of Lake Hiinn, in about 60 35' N. lat., 15 35' E. long., and has 

 a population of 4500. The town is built chiefly of timber, and 

 contains a mining school, geological and mineralogical collections, a 

 model room, and a technical library; it is celebrated for its great 

 copper-mine, which is situated to the west of the town. Unlike all 

 other mines, the Falun mine presents a large pit, about 1200 feet 

 long and as many wide, into which people descend by a staircase to 

 a depth of several hundred feet ; the ore was formerly detached by 

 the miners from the bottom of this hole, so that they were not 

 obliged to use candle-light, but the mine is now worked by numerous 

 shafts and galleries, and with admirable machinery. Qustavus Vaaa 

 worked in the copper-mines of Falun. The vapours which continually 

 rise from the mine, or to speak more correctly, from the smclting- 

 works about it, have destroyed every trace of vegetation in the 

 neighbourhood, and even wild animals and birds are rarely seen. To 

 the fumes of the copper, it is said, the town owes its exemption 

 from the visitation of cholera. Besides copper this mine yields some 

 gold, silver, lead, vitriol, ochre, and brimstone. There are a few 

 manufactures of linen, cotton, and wool, but all on a small scale. 



The Falun Ldn coincides nearly with the old popular division of 

 Dalecarlia or Dalarne, so-called from its comprising the basins of 

 the D.il and its principal head-streams the Outer and WiiM 

 which unite a little west of the town of Falun and south of Lake 

 Siljar. It comprises part of the southern mountain region of :- 

 and a part of the region of mines. Its area is 12,210 square miles, 

 and its population in 1845 was 145,333. The surface and products 

 are noticed in the articles DALECARLIA and SWEDEN. 



KAMAOOSTA. [Cymes.] 



FANO. [JOTLAXD.J 



FANO, a sea-port and episcopal town of the States of the Church 

 in the legation of Urbino-e-Pesaro, is situated in 43" 51' 18* N. lat, 

 18* 1' 19* E. long., on the shore of the Adriatic, at a short distance 

 from the mouth of the Metauro, and has about 10,000 inhabitants. 

 The town which stands in a rich, fertile, and salubrious plain, is 

 well-built and adorned with many handsome edifices. There is no 

 town of the same size on the cast coast of Italy so rich in churches 

 and picture*. The sconery of the neighbourhood is very beautiful, 

 and numerous good roads facilitate coininnniciiti.ni with the other 

 town* in this part of Italy. The high rood along the Adriatic shore 

 runs outside the walls which still gird the town, and are strengthened 

 towards the aw by bastions. 



Kano occupies the site of the ancient Panum Forlunir, so called from 

 the Temple of Fortune built hero by the Homans t. 

 defeat of Asdruhal on the MeUurus. Narscs here defeated the Cloths. 

 Totila destroyed Faniim, which was rebuilt by Beluariua. A modern 

 statae of Fortune which probably replaces an ancieqf one, is erected 

 on the principal fountain. Under the Homans the city was embellished 

 with baths and a basilica. A triumphal arch of white marble was 



erected in honour of Augustus, which still remains, with part < 

 addition of an attic with columns built II|K>U it by Constautine. On 

 an adjoining chapel is a carved representation of the arch as it 

 originally stood. The walls were erected by Augustus, and repaired 

 by the sons of Constantino, 



Kano has a cathedral and thirteen other huge churches, most of 

 which, besides being fine buildings, are rich in marbles and frescoes, 

 and contain several masterpieces of the great Italian painters. In 

 the cathedral are, amongrt other treasures of art, sixteen frescoes by 

 Domenichino, representing the principal events in the life of the 

 Blessed Virgin. In the church of Sauta Maria Nuova are the Annun- 

 ciation, and the Madonna with the Infant Saviour ..r I'.IU.T 

 the church of San Paterniano, named after the first bishop of l-'.m-', 

 who was elected A.D. SCO, is the Sposalhrio, or Espousals of the 

 Virgin by Ouercino. The church of San Pietro is enriched by a 

 picture of the Annunciation which is considered to be the masterpiece 

 of Ouido and by the frescoes of Viviani. The Guardian Angel of 

 Ouercino is preserved in the church of Sant Agostiuo, and in the 

 Kolti College is the celebrated picture of David with Goliath's Head, 

 by Domenichino. Many of these churches are rich also in specimens 

 of monumental architecture. 



Fano contains also several religious houses, a public library, a 

 college, several schools, and one of the finest theatres in Italy, which 

 was built by Torelli, a native artist, and ornamented with paintings 

 and scenery by Bibiena, The port of Fano, fonnerly the resort of 

 the traders of the Adriatic, was repaired by Pope Paul V., fnun 

 whom it was called Port Borghese. It is now nearly choked up 

 with sand, and the commerce of the town has declined ; only small 

 coasting-vessels can enter, which are engaged in the corn trade'. The 

 town has some important silk manufactures. Pope Clement VIII. 

 was a native of Fauo. The first printing-press known in Kuropa 

 with Arabic types was established here by Pope Julius 11. in 

 1514. 



FANTEE8, or FANTINS, a nation inhabiting a port of the Gold 

 Coast in Western Africa. Since the commencement of the present 

 century the country of the Fan tees has been overrun by the Ashantees, 

 and its recent history will be found in the article on that people. 

 [AsHANTti:.] 



FAKALIONI ISLANDS. [.ETNA.] 



FAKEHAM, Hampshire, a market-town, and the seat of a Poor- 

 Law Union in the parish of Farehain, is situated at the head of the 

 north-west branch of Portsmouth harbour.'.in 50 50' N. lat., 1 10' 

 W. long.; distant 12 mile* S.K. from Southampton, 7-'! miles S.\V. l>y 

 S. from London by road, and 85 miles by the South-Western railway. 

 The population of the town in 1S51 was 3451. The parish is under 

 the management of a Local Board of Health. The living is a vicarage 

 in the archdeaconry and diocese of Winchester. Fareham Poor- 

 Law Union contains nine parishes, with an area of 31,394 acres, and 

 a population in 1851 of 13,925. 



Fareham is situated at the intersection of the road from London 

 to Gosport with that from Chichester to Southampton. A In; 

 the town crosses the head of Portsmouth harbour, which is here 

 narrowed to the dimensions of a small river. The prosperity of 

 Fareham is chiefly dependent upon its proximity to Portsmouth. 

 The town is lighted with gas, and is well supplied with water. The 

 chief buildings arc a handsome assembly-room, and a market-hall. 

 The parish church is of various dates and styles ; the chancel, which 

 is early English, was rebuilt about 40 years ago. The Indi-pundi -nts 

 and Wesleyan Methodists have places of worship, and there are a 

 Free school, National, British, and Infant schools, a literary institute, 

 a savings bank, and a lunatic asylum. Coach-building ami ship- 

 building are carried on; cordage, sacking, and coarse pottery are 

 made. Vessels of 300 tons can get up to the port The trade is 

 chiefly in corn, coal, and timber. The market is held on Monday, 

 and there is a yearly fair for cattle and cheese on June 29th and 30th. 

 Kareliam is much resorted to in summer for sea-bathing. 



(Warner, Hampthirr ; Communication from Parti 



FARINUDON, or FAKUINGDON, Berkshire, a market-town and 

 the seat of a Poor- Law Union, in the parish of Great Faringdon, is 

 situated in 51 40' N. lat, 1 83' W. long. ; distant 36 miles N.W. by 

 W. from Reading, and 694 miles W. by N. from London. The popu- 

 lation of the parish of Great Faringdon in 1851 was 2456. The living 

 is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Berks and diocese of Oxford. 

 Faringdon Poor-Law Union contains 31 parishes and townships, with 

 an area of 65,880 acres, and a population in 1851 of 15,465. 



The Saxon kings had a palace at Faringdon, wherein Edward the 

 Elder died in 925. In 1L'"_' Stephen founded at Faringdon a priory 

 of Cistercian monks. During the civil war Cromwell made an attack 

 upon the town, which was successfully resisted. King Charles was at 

 Faringdon after the second battle of Newbury. The town of Faring- 

 don is pleasantly situated ; it is lighted with gas, and is neat and 

 clean. The streets diverge from the centra of the town, where U 

 situated the town hall. Tin h i< a larire. and han 



(jothic structure, with a low square tmver. Tip: li 

 Baptists, and Wesleyan Methodists have chapels. There are National 

 and charity schools, and a savings bank. The market-day is Thursday. 

 There are three annual fairs besides a statute fair on the ISth October 

 for hiring servants. A great cattle market is held on the first Tuesday 



