: :- 



FORMKNTKIIA. 



FOYLE, Lor.iil. 



i. M 



inhabitant*. Near Savignano flow* a small river, called Rugone, which 

 ii believed by aomo to be the ancient Rubicon : it join*, below Savig- 

 nuio. another itream, called PiaaUllo, after which the united stream 

 enter* the Adriatic. A Human bridge in thrown acros* the Fiumiciiu>, 

 or Savignano, a small stream which join* the other two, nnd with 

 them enter* the Adriatic at Due liocche. Near the Kiuiuicino ou a 

 pillar, U an apocryphal inscription (which ha* been mistaken by *ome 

 for an ancient one), containing the aenatu* comultutn, which forbade, 

 under the heaviest penalties, any commander to croas the Rubicon in 

 anna. The true Rubicon however, which still is called by the peasantry 

 II fiubicont. is nearer Rimini, and flow* direct into the Adriatic from 

 the Apenninea, where it rise*, between Honte Taffi and Sarcina. It 

 flow* nearly parallel to the Mareccbia, and has a length of about 

 25 miles. 



Rituini, the Roman Ariminum, a considerable town with about 

 10,000 inbabitanU within the walls, is situated near the mouth of the 

 Xarecchia, which i* crossed by a handsome marble bridge of five 

 arches and 220 feet long, begun under Augustus and finished under 

 Tiberius, and still in very good preservation. The sea having receded 

 all along this coast, the ancient harbour of Ariiniuum in now chuked 

 up with sand ; but there is a small harbour at the mouth of the 

 Marecchia, which admits vessels of light burden, and by which Rimini 

 carries on some trade by sea. At the eastern entrance of the town, 

 on the road to Rome, there is a fine triumphal arch, raised in honour of 

 Augustus for repairing the roads, and now called Porta Romano. This 

 arch is larger than any of the arches in Rome ; it is built of white 

 marble in a simple massive style, with two Corinthian pillars on each 

 side. Between the arch and the pillars are medallions of Neptune 

 and Venus on one aide, Jupiter and Minerva on the other. There 

 are also some remain* of an amphitheatre, besides inscriptions and 

 other marbles found on the site of the ancient harbour. Rimini, with 

 it* Roman monument*, appears a fit entrance into the limits of the 

 flMifi>l part of Italy. Among the modern buildings is the noble 

 cathedral church of San Francesco, which Leon Hattista Alberti 

 raised by order of the Malatesti, lords of Rimini, and which is adorned 

 with the mausolea of that distinguished family of the middle ages, 

 many beautiful bas-reliefs, and other work* of art. The fortress was 

 also erected by the Malatesti, but it is now disfigured by unsightly 

 barrack^. The city of Rimini has several other fine churches besides 

 the cathedral In the market-place is a stone in the form of a 

 pedestal from which, a* stated in the inscription, Julius Caesar 

 harangued his army after crossing the Rubicon. A handsome 

 fountain in the square before the town-hall (palazzo publico) is sur- 

 mounted by a bronze statue of Pope Paul V. Rimini has a good 

 library of 30,000 volumes, founded in 1617 by the advocate Ales- 

 sandro Gambalunga, and which contains manuscripts, chiefly concerning 

 the history of the town, a museum of antiquities, and a college. The 

 supposed site of the house in which resided Francesca da Rimini cele- 

 brated in the ' Divina Commedia' of Dante, is still shown. Numerous 

 fishing craft frequent the harbour of Rimini ; and there is a good 

 trade in silk manufactures, fish, glass, and earthenwares. Sulphuric 

 and nitric acid, and verdigris are also among the industrial products 

 of Rimini. Ariminum, originally an Umbrian city, was important as a 

 military position and for its situation at the junction of the Flamiuiau 

 and . nulian Ways. In all their great wars in Italy the Romans, who 

 colonised it early, made a point of occupying Ariminum with their 

 troops. It was also a flourishing commercial town. The soldiers of the 

 triumvir* were settled in the lands of Ariminum, and the city itself 

 wa* embellished by Augustus. Under the Eastern empire it was one 

 of the cities of the Pentapolis which was governed by the exarchs 

 till the invasion of the Lombards. A great ecclesiastical council was 

 held in Ariminum in A.D. 859. Rimini stands in 44 4' N. hit., 12 

 84' 43" K. long. 



Sarrina, at the foot of the Apennines, south-west of Rimini, an 

 ancient city of the Umbri, and the birthplace of Plautus, is now a 

 decayed town surrounded by walls, with only 3000 inhabitants. 



OaenatKo, on the sea-coast, north-east of Ceiena, midway between 

 Ravenna and Rimini, in a plain abounding with wheat, Indian corn, 

 ad hemp, ha* 4000 inhabitant* 



The province of Forll is one of the finest* and richest in the 

 Papal Bute*, and the road from Rimini to Bologna i* one of the 

 plsmntest in Italy, leading through a succession of neat, consider- 

 able, and chetrful-looking town*, in a fine well-cultivated country, 

 with a landscape heightened by a constant view of the Apennines of 

 Tuscany. 



FORM ENTER A. [BALEARIC ISLAKDS.] 

 FORMOSA. rr*I-WA.] 

 FORM08O, RIO. [Benin RIVER.) 



FORRES, Elginshire, Scotland, a royal and parliamentary burgh and 

 market-town in the pariah of Forrc., is situated in 67 37' N. lat, 3 86' 



fj- U ?*!jf i * U 2i. 12 ""***. W from Elgin ' Bnd abont 16 mile N.from 

 Edinburgh. The town is situated on a declivity, sloping northward 

 to the actuary of the river Findhorn, and U about 3 miles 8. from Find- 

 born, the port of Form. The population of the parliamentary burgh 

 in 1851 was 3468, that of the municipal burgh 8339. U is governed 

 by a provost, 8 bailie*, and 18 councillors; and unites with Inverness, 

 Nairn, and Fortrove, in returning one member to the Imperial 

 Parliament 



The town contisU of one chief street, forming a part of the high- 

 way between Elgin and Inverness, with several smaller street* branch- 

 ing off from it The houses are mostly modern and well built The 

 town is well supplied with water. Besides the parish church, which 

 is a plain building, there are a Free church and chapels for Episco- 

 palians and United Presbyterians. The jail is a substantial boUdinc, 

 Corn-markets are held weekly. The most important of the schools 

 in Forres U that endowed by the late Jonathan Anderson of Glasgow, 

 which occupies a neat and commodious building. The town date* as 

 a royal burgh from the time of William the Lion. IU castle, now in 

 ruins, was the occasional residence of aome of the early kings of 

 Scotland. 



A tower in memory of Nelson ha* been erected on the top of the 

 Cluny Hill near the burgh, from which a most extensive view is to 

 be had. In the immediate vicinity of Forrc* is the celebrated ancient 

 pillar called Sweno's Stone, considered one of the finest memorials of 

 the Danes that exist in Scotland. It is a hard sandstone of the 

 country, and well preserved, showing on its four sides numerous 

 figures of men and hordes, in marching and in battle array. A 

 handsome suspension-bridge crosses the river Findhorn here. 



(ffeu Statiitical Account of Scotland; Communication from Forra.) 



FORTH, a river in Scotland, which rises in the mountains separat- 

 ing Loch Katrine from Loch Lomond. It is formed by two branches, 

 which after a course of 16 and 12 miles respectively, unite at Aber- 

 foyle ; this united river receives the name of Forth. The first of 

 these streams, which rises on the north side of Benlomond, is called 

 the Duchray ; the other is formed by the junction of three rivulet*, 

 which proceed from three small but very beautiful highland lakes, 

 called Loch Con, Loch Dow, or Dhu, and Loch Ard. At Aberfoyle 

 the Forth issuing from the mountains, enters a wide valley, surrounded 

 by hUls of moderate elevation. From the north it is joined by three 

 tributaries of some note the Teith, which drains the mountainous 

 country north of Loch Katrine ; the Allan, which runs through 

 Strathmore; and the Devon, which brings down the water collected 

 in the greater portion of the Ochil Hills. No considerable river 

 joins it from the south. Where it unites with the Devon the river, 

 which higher up is only of moderate size, begins to widen, and 

 gradually assumes the appearance of a gulf. This gulf, called the 

 Frith of Forth, increases in width in its progress to the east, and 

 joins the North Sea between Fifuness and the rocks of Toutallan 

 Castle, where it is about 15 mile* across. The source of the Forth is 

 not much more than 30 miles from the mouth of the Devon in a 

 straight line, but as it flows with many sinuosities, its real course 

 exceeds twice that length. The length of the Frith from west to 

 east rather exceeds 50 miles. The Forth is not a rapid river below 

 Aberfoyle, and may be navigated by vessels of 70 tons as far as 

 Stirling ; but it is not much navigated above Alloa, which may be 

 regarded as its principal port On the southern shore of the Frith, 

 near the mouth of the river Carron at Qrangemouth, commences the 

 canal which unites the Forth and the Clyde ; and contiguous to it on 

 the east, between Grangemouth and Queensferry, is good and secure 

 anchoring ground in the bay. The countries along the northern and 

 southern shores of the Frith of Forth comprehend the most fertile 

 and best cultivated parts of Scotland. 



FORTROSE, Ross-shire, Scotland, a royal burgh, market-town, and 

 port, in the parish of Rosemarkie, is situated in 57 34' N. lat, 4 8' 

 W. long., on the western side of the Moray Frith, nearly opposite Fort 

 George, from which place there is a regular ferry, the Frith being 

 here about 24 miles broad. It is about 10 miles N. from Inverness 

 by land, and about 7 miles by water. The population of the burgh 

 in 1851 wa* 1148. The town is governed by a provost and 14 

 councillors ; and conjointly with Inverness, Forres, and Nairn, return* 

 one member to the Imperial Parliament Fortrose is described by 

 historians as having during the 16th century been the seat of art, 

 science, and divinity for that corner of the kingdom, and possessed of 

 considerable trade. Rosemarkie, a village about a mile eastward, was 

 constituted a royal burgh by Alexander II. ; and Chanoury, the 

 episcopal see of the bishop of Ross, was united with it by a charter 

 of James II. in 1444, under the name of Fortroas. 



The town is finely situated. The harbour has a depth of 14 feet 

 water at high tide. There or* some remains of the ancient cathedral, 

 one part of which is used a* a prison and court-house. Besides the 

 parish church, which U at Roaemarkie, there are in Fortrose a S. 

 episcopal chapel, and chapels for Free Church and Baptist congrega- 

 tions. At Fortrose is an extensive distillery. A public academy was 

 founded in 1791. 



(New Statiitical Account of Scotland; G. and P. Anderson, O'uide 

 to the Highland* and Iilandt of Scotland.) 



FORTUNATE ISLANDS. [CANARIES.] 



FOSSANO. [Com.] 



FOTHERINGAY. [NoHTHAiirroxgHiBK.] 



FOUGERES. [lLLE-ET-VlLAIHK.1 



FOULSHAM. [NORFOLK.] 

 FOWEY. [CORNWALL.] 

 FOX ISLANDS. [ALEUTIAN ISLANDS.] 

 FOXFORD. [MAYO.] 



FOYLE, LOUGH, an iulet of the sea on the north coast of Ireland, 

 between the counties of Dcrry and Donegal, extends from south-west 



