10*1 



FRANKFURT. 



KUKKBKIDQE LYNN. 



natural history. Frankfurt also possesses philosophical society, a 

 society of the useful art*, which has a mechanic* school ; a society 

 of indiutry ; Stodd's Institute of the fine arU, which possasssi a 

 choice collection of painting*, &c,, bequeathed by the founder, who 

 left an endowment for lecture* and instruction in nioh branches of 

 knowledge a* an connected with the fine arU ; a school of detign, a 

 society for the fine art*, the Bethmann muwum of antique*; a society 

 for encouraging the itudy of the German language, Ac. Dr. Senken- 

 berg also endowed the town hospital. The libraries of the cathedral 

 and the Dominican* are also rich in rare manuscript* and old editions. 

 There are 22 bookseller*' establishments, 14 printing-bouses, and 

 3 type-foundries in Frankfurt 



With Uwi exception of Sachsenhauien, whose inhabitants are prin- 

 cipally agriculturists, gardeners, and day-labourers, the citizens of 

 Frankfurt derive their subsistence from commerce, money operations, 

 and manufactures. It is a place of considerable transit for German 

 and foreign produce. The chief article of trade are wines, English, 

 French, and Italian goods, Bavarian timber, German wools, colonial 

 produce, and German manufactures. There i scarcely any article of 

 colonial or European produce which may not be found at the Frank- 

 furt fairs. The sale of books too is very important. The fain, held 

 at Easter, and in August or September, are no longer what they were 

 in the 16th century, when they were frequented at times by as many as 

 40,000 strangers ; but they still present an animating and attractive 

 scene. The chief manufactures are carpets, table covers, tobacco, 

 cards, cottons, silks, woollen stuff*, jewellery, printers' black, &c, 



Frankfurt was made a free city A.D. 1154. It derives great wealth 

 from transactions in banking, commission, and the public funds. The 

 aggregate capital of its bankers is said to be about 20 millions sterling, 

 and the annual transactions in bills of exchange are estimated at about 

 12 millions sterling. The city is connected by railways with all parts 

 of Germany ; steam packets ply regularly on the Main. The Con- 

 stituent Assembly, elected in 1848 to frame a constitution for Germany, 

 held its Fittings in Frankfurt, and chose the Archduke Johann of 

 Austria as Lieutenant-General of the Empire. The archduke was 

 solemnly installed in office July 11, 1848. In April following the 

 assembly elected the king of Prussia as hereditary emperor of Ger- 

 many, an honour which the king declined, as well as a constitution 

 which they had framed for his own kingdom. Austria also protested 

 acainst all the decisions of the assembly ; its representatives with- 

 drew, those of Prussia were soon after recalled, and the assembly on 

 the 30th of May, 1849, agreed to transfer its sittings to Stuttgardt 



FRAXKrTHT (an-der-Oder), capital of the circle of Frankfurt in 

 the Prussian province of Brandenburg, is pleasantly situated on the 

 left bank of the Oder, in 52 22' N. lat, 14 46' E. long., at an elevation 

 of 116 feet above the level of the sea, and at a distance of 50 miles by 

 railway E. by 8. from Berlin. It is regularly built, and encircled by walls 

 with tower*, and a ditch. Outside the walls, which are pierced by 

 five gates, are three suburbs, one of which, the Damm, situated on the 

 opposite bank of the Oder, is joined to the town by a wooden bridge. 

 The population numbers about 26,000. Fraukfurt has six Protestant 

 churches, a Roman Catholic church, and a synagogue. The Upper 

 church has some fine windows of painted glass. The university, 

 founded here in 1506, was transferred to Breslau in 1810. Frankfurt 

 possesses a gymnasium with a library, a grammar school, a school of 

 midwifery, an orphan asylum, two hospitals, a house of correction, and 

 a free school for 800 soldiers' children, founded in memory of Leopold, 

 duke of Brunswick, who lost his life here in April 1785, while endea- 

 vouring to save a man from drowning. A monument is erected to 

 him at the eastern end of the bridge across the Oder. In front of the 

 Guben gate is a triangular pyramid in memory of Kleist, the poet, 

 who fell in the battle of Kunersdorf in 1759, when Frederick the 

 Great was defeated by the Austrian*. The manufactures of the town 

 consist of woollen and silk fabrics, mustard, brandy, tobacco, sugar, 

 gloves, stockings, linen, leather, Ac. ; its trade is extensive, and much 

 facilitated by its position on a navigable river, by canals, and railways. 

 Three annual fair, instituted in 1263, are held in February, July, and 

 November, and are well frequented, particularly by Polish dealers. 

 At these fain, woollen, cotton, linen, and silk manufacture*, I, 

 wool, hardware, iron, porosUn, glass, &c., are among the principal 

 articles sold. The inhabitants are engaged also in the navigation ol 

 the Oder, on which above 2000 Teasels and craft annually pass 

 Frankfurt. 



FRANKLIN. [Misscim] 

 KltANX.KNIii'.l :.N. [E<;EH.] 

 FKASCA'TI, a town of the Campagna, 8 mil.-* ES.E. from 

 ROOM, is situated on the north-west slope of the Turctilan Mount 

 On the summit of the mountain, which is 2000 foet above the sea, 

 and about two miles above Frascati, are the ruin* of ancient 

 Tusculum, a town of Lottum, built long before Rome, and often 

 man history. After the subjection of Latium to 

 Itoms it was governed as a iiiiinici|.iiira. Several distinguished 

 Roman families, such a* the Malnilia and the Porcia, came from Tus- 

 ctilnui. It was a strong place both from its position and the solidity 

 of iu polygonal wall*, which enal-led it to mint the attack of Han- 

 nib*!. Tusculum continued to exist after the (all of the empire, and 

 was governed by counts till the end of the 12th century. It was the 

 occasional residence of several popes, among others of Alexander III., 



who here received the ambassadors of Henry II. to assert the king's 

 innocence of the munler of the Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1169 

 the Tiisculan* fought and defeated the Romans, but in 1191 the 

 Romans took Tusculum and destroyed it Remains of the walls of 

 bouses and of the citadel are still extant, as well as a small theatre 

 and a curious crypt with a kind of arched roof of primitive construc- 

 tion. The hill of Tunculura is volcanic, and it separated from the 

 central mass of the Alban Mount by the Alban valley, through which 

 runs the Via Latino. 



After the destruction of Tusculum the inhabitant;) built themselves 

 huts on the lower slope of the hill toward* Rome, and covered them 

 with ' frasche,' boughs of trees, from which the modern town ha* taken 

 its name. It has some good buildings, 5000 inhabitants, and is a 

 bishop's see. Many of the older houses date from the 13th or 14th 

 century : the church of San Rocco, formerly the cathedral of San 

 Sebastian, and still called Duomo Vecchio, dates from 1309. The 

 principal modern building, the cathedral of San Petro, was completed 

 in 1700. It contains a monument to Cardinal York, who was binhop 

 of Frascati, and another erected by the cardinal in memory of his 

 brother, Prince Charles Edward, the young Pretender, who din] in 

 Frascati, January 31, 1788. The air is wholesome, the place being; 

 above the region of the malaria, and the country around is planted 

 with fine trees. But its villas form the great attraction of Frascati, 

 it being a place of resort of the Roman nobility and cardinals in the 

 summer and autumn. One of the most splendid of these residences 

 is the Villa Aldobrandini, called also Belvedere, adorned with nume- 

 rous fountains, and water-works, and paintings. The villas Taverna 

 and Mondragone, belonging to the Borghese family ; the Villa Brec- 

 ciano, with frescoes by Dominichiuo ; the Villa Conti, with its fine 

 groves ; the Villa Falconieri, and others, are also worthy of attention. 

 The site of the-Tusculanum of Cicero is not exactly known : some 

 believe it to have been near Grotta Ferrata, on the road from 

 Frascati to the Alban Lake ; others place it near La Rufinella, on the 

 hill of old Tusculum. The Villa Rufinella formerly belonged to 

 Lucien Bonaparte. On the slopes of a bill within the grounds are 

 planted in box the names of celebrated ancient and modern authors 

 constituting the Parnassus of the prince just named. There are 

 remains of ancient buildings all about this neighbourhood. Near 

 Frascati is the Catnaldoli, one of the finest and most beautifully- 

 situated monasteries in Italy. Grotta Ferrata is an abbey of Basilian 

 monks, established in the llth century, who retain the Greek liturgy. 

 The church is adorned with fine frescoes by Dominichino, and the 

 convent has a library with many Greek mauu- 



(Valdry, Voyaya en Italic ; Mattel, Mtmorie Storidie Jelf antito 

 Tutcolo ogyi Pratcati ; Gell, Typography of Rome ; Handbook fur 

 Central Italy.) 



FRASERBURGH, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, a market-town and sea- 

 port in the parish of Fraeerburgh, is situated on the east coast of the 

 county, in 57 44' N. lat, 2 0' W. long., distant 42 miles N. from 

 Aberdeen. The town is built on the west side of the Bay of Fraser- 

 burgh, which is bounded S.E. by Cainibulg Point and N.W. by 

 Kinnaird's Point, on which there in a lighthouse. The population f 

 the burgh in 1851 was 3093. The town took the name of Fraier- 

 liurgh from Sir Alexander Fraser of Philorth, who in 1613 obtained 

 for it a charter as a burgh of regality. The streets are generally wide 

 and clean, and the houses substantial, and many of them elegant 

 The town-house, the market-cross, and the tolbooth were erected by 

 Sir Alexander Fraser. In addition to the parish church there are an 

 Episcopal chapel, a Free church, and a chapel for Independents. 

 Fraaerburgh ia the head-quarters of an extensive fishing <l. 

 Fishing begins in July and lasts till September, and during its con- 

 tinuance the population of the town is augmented by some 1200 

 person*. The harbour is good, but not sufficiently capacious for the 

 accommodation of the vessels which resort to it in the fishing season. 

 The bay affords good anchorage. Rope and sail making are carried ou. 

 The exports include barley, oatn, and potatoes, cattle, dried and 

 pickled cod, and herrings. Freestone is quarried in the parish ; the 

 piers and some of the houses are built of it There are in the i 

 t lie ruins of two ancient chapels, one of which belonged to the < 

 cian abbey at Deer. At the west end of the town is an old quad- 

 rangular building of three stories, designed by Sir Alexander Fraser 

 for a college ; he bad obtained a charter from the crown in l.V.fj (,,, 

 the institution and endowment of a college and a university, but the. 

 plan was never carried into effect There arc in the town a savings 

 bank and a parochial library. The fishing village of Broodsea adjoins 

 Froscrburgh on the west 



FKAIT.MIKITH. [ I'.i .::, imisOADEK.] 



FRAUSTADT. [PosEK.1 



FRKDKKlrKsr.rUl'.. [Vni.:isiA.] 



FUKIiKUlCKSHAI.L, KKKHKKICKSTADT, and FIUIM) 

 KirKSV.U.KN. us.] 



FREDERICKTOWN. [M.MIVIAND; NEW BHUNK-.V 



FREEBRIDGE LYNN, a hundred in the western division of th* 

 county of Norfolk, which has been constituted a Poor-Law I 

 The hundred of Freebridge Lynn is bounded N. by the hundred of 

 Siniihdon, K. by the hundred* of Gallow and Launditch, S. by the 

 hundreds of Clackclosn and South Greeuhoe, and W. by the hundred 

 of Freebridgo Marshland. Freebridge Lynn hundred comprises 34 



