Geology 



and at first saw the clay beds exposed on its banks, but 

 at the foot of the hills there was a deeper section, of 

 which Fig. 8 is a sketch. 



In the lower part of the stream were the Pliocene 

 beds, and these were seen in the middle of the section 

 to end abruptly against a cliff-like face of the limestone, 

 which dipped at a low angle towards the east. 



Along the line of junction was a layer of conglomer- 

 ate consisting of rounded pebbles of flint embedded in a 

 matrix of Pliocene material which was noticed to become 



FlG. 8. Section in tributary of Dipton Burn, a, Chalk ; 

 , Conglomerate ; c. Pliocene Sand ; d, Pliocene Clay. 



markedly more sandy in character as the junction with 

 the limestone was approached. 



We considered that we might safely interpret this 

 section as showing the old coast-line of the Pliocene sea 

 with its cliffs of older rocks, its shingle beach, and the 

 sandy and muddy deposits which were formed in its 

 shallow waters near the land. 



A further examination of the section showed that, 

 while the Pliocene rocks lay in an almost horizontal 

 position, the older limestone on which they rested 

 dipped at an angle of some 1 5 towards the east, and 

 that the ends of its layers had been broken away before 

 the newer clays and sands were laid upon it. This is 



80 



