Geology 



through the harder ganister beds of the coal measures, 

 which were inclined here as elsewhere at angles of from 

 10 to 15 towards the south-west. 



The ground became gradually more and more hilly, 

 and the valley deeper and narrower, until eventually we 

 entered the " Millstone Grit" country. Here there were 

 many fine sections in the grits and shales, the latter 

 being in several instances fossiliferous. We stayed here 

 as short a time as possible, as there was not likely to be 

 anything of economic importance ; but we had one good 

 day collecting fossils from the shales while a fresh supply 

 of wood for the furnaces of our launches was being 

 obtained. The fossils were of a distinctly marine type, 

 showing that the shales were laid down in a shallow 

 sea, the coarse sandstones which alternated with them 

 indicating the proximity of land at the time of their 

 formation. 



We were now nearing the line of the Camp Fault, 

 and we therefore kept a sharp look-out for it, in order 

 to see whether it extended to this valley and to ascertain 

 if possible its exact nature. 



Having reached a point which we judged to be about 

 four miles from the line of the fault, we noticed that 

 there was a change in the direction of the dip. We 

 passed through a gorge in which was exposed a fine 

 section of an anticlinal fold, the dip changing from south- 

 west to north-east, and increasing gradually to 25. 

 Shortly after passing the anticlinal axis we came upon 

 two seams of coal, the upper one of which proved to 

 be the Top Coal of Coal Hill, the black shale with 

 Pterinopecten papyraceus occurring in its usual position 

 above it. Less than one mile from the outcrop, the 



192 



