Geology 



striated, while, as already seen, those from the surface of 

 the ice were rough and angular. 



In many places where clear sections of the glacier 

 were to be seen, it was found to consist of alternate 

 layers of dirty and dirt-free ice, and in one instance there 

 appeared to be a perfect transition from frozen gravel 

 at the base to clear ice above. So perfect was the 

 transition that it was difficult to point to any particular 

 level and say where the ice ended and the ground moraine, 

 as this bottom deposit is called, began. 



On one of the large rounded bosses of rock near 

 our camp were well-marked striations running in more 

 than one direction, and occasionally crossing each other 

 almost at right angles. This intercrossing of striae was 

 doubtless due to the ice moulding itself round the more 

 prominent masses, gradually reducing them in size, the 

 direction of movement at any given point being deter- 

 mined by the form of the rock. 



That the ice was in movement could only be detected 

 from the dull, tearing sounds which occasionally were 

 to be heard proceeding from the interior of the glacier, 

 and by the fact that although the ice was melting rapidly, 

 the ice-front remained in the same position for days and 

 even weeks, showing that the supply must have been 

 kept up by a forward movement from behind. 



We were able to ascend the face of the glacier with 

 little trouble, as the sand and stones with which the 

 surface was covered offered a fairly good foothold, but 

 where the bare ice was encountered we found it neces- 

 sary to cut steps by means of our ice-axes. 



There were numerous deep rifts or crevasses in the 

 ice, and near the termination these were arranged 



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