iv INTRODUCTION 



II. The Philosophy of War and the Philosophy 

 of Peace 



Strange as it may seem, it was but yesterday that 

 these eager sentinels of the human flock were gravely 

 debating whether or no peace is more profitable than 

 war, and whether peace or war is the "natural state" 

 of man. The question so sharply formulated is both 

 pertinent and logical, for it covers the whole philoso- 

 phy of life. It covers, indeed, the whole philosophy 

 of evolution and the creative conduct of Nature. There 

 is no other alternative. 



A convincing answer, either way, will profoundly 

 influence every phase of human life the world over, 

 for as intelligence dictates the strategy by which it may 

 conquer, so, in the long run, will the body act. But 

 to satisfy the intelligence, the answer must harmonize 

 with natural laws, for the grand strategy of man can- 

 not be different from the grand strategy of nature. 

 Evidently the problem lies within the domain of the 

 biologist. 



He who is persuaded that "warfare" is nature's 

 method of evolution, that war is the "natural state" of 

 man and more profitable than peace, will say in his 

 heart: If war is profitable, then war is good; it is 

 "right" for man to make war, and so by all means, 

 let us have war; nation against nation, race against 

 race, brother against brother. Every man for himself 

 and every interest for itself; the secret or declared 

 enemy of every other interest and every other man. 

 Present obstacles alone shall postpone the attempt of 

 each to master or destroy the other. If it is right for 

 nations to war on one another, by the same token it is 



