60 GRAND STRATEGY OF EVOLUTION 



ginning, or base, the more fluctuating and special, at 

 the end, or apex. 



In the construction and preservation of a worm, for 

 example, the chief sets of factors involved are: (i) the 

 constructive action of the physico-chemical elements of 

 matter and force; (2) the solar system and other heav- 

 enly bodies created by them; (3) the earth and its va- 

 rious components and activities, such as climatic and 

 other changes, its various habitable media and pro- 

 vincial qualities; (4) plant and animal life, as a whole, 

 and particular kinds, or groups, of individuals; (5) the 

 parts and organs which constitute the bodily structure 

 and internal life of the worm itself; and (6) conduct, 

 or behavior, or the external life of the worm as an in- 

 dividual unit, in relation to all its cosmic, organic, and 

 social surroundings. All these interwoven construc- 

 tive agencies are essential to the creation and preserva- 

 tion of the worm. 



Man is built on the same broad pyramid of mutual 

 services and constructive Tightness, but a great many 

 more have been added to them, notably those of the 

 higher plants and animals, and of his more complex 

 bodily functions and organs, specially his hand, intel- 

 ligence, and articulate speech. By their instrumental- 

 ity and by the accumulated services of countless human 

 beings rightly performed, the new systems of servants 

 were created, such as science, literature, art, govern- 

 ment, by which the man of today lives and has his 

 being. 



These countless supplementary services, rightly per- 

 formed for the individual man by the social institu- 

 tions of mankind, are as much a sustaining part of his 

 individuality as those of his own brain, or of his own 



