NATURE'S DUAL SOVEREIGNTY 117 



Every living thing, therefore, must make its prog- 

 ress, if at all, in three principal ways: (i) by better co- 

 operation in its inner life; (2) by better cooperation 

 in its outer life; and (3) by better cooperation be- 

 tween its inner and outer life. These betterments lib- 

 erate individual growth, enlarge the individual, and 

 increase its directive influences on its outer world. 



II. The Internal Administration of Life 



The chief problem for the internal administration. 

 of life is how to create the best internal environments 

 for the conduct of its own affairs, or the most effective 

 machinery for the internal distribution and assimila- 

 tion of its constructive materials and forces. It does 

 not change the nature of these' problems, if the life in 

 question is that of a single cell, a flower, a worm, or 

 a society of human beings; or if the requisite construc- 

 tive materials and forces are molecules, or proteids, or 

 petroleum, or ideas. 



The historic and descriptive sciences, such as pale- 

 ontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, and 

 physiology, tell us with unmistakable clearness that 

 all these internal improvements in life are brought 

 about by so reconstructing and rearranging the various 

 bodily members, such as nerves, blood vessels, appen- 

 dages, etc., as to produce more economic and equitable 

 bodily services, and the better to carry on the increased 

 traffic these improvements both create and demand. 



The chief point to be observed is that each admin- 

 istrative improvement, no matter how ft is initiated, 

 whether by some change in the position or structure 

 of organs, or by some addition or subtraction, or by 



