primarily from without, either from cosmic agencies 

 previously constructed, or from other parts, or mem- 

 bers, of the social aggregate, previously constructed. 

 And when we say they "come from without" that means 

 that there must be some adequate machinery, or ways 

 and means of conveying these constructive agents from 

 their own creative, or initial, source, to that time and 

 place where they play their respective parts in new 

 constructions. 



This whole process is in effect an organized system 

 of benevolence, or of cumulative endowments, the only 

 difference between its more primitive and its more spe- 

 cialized stages being in the kind of profits conserved, 

 and conferred by one individual on another. It is 

 nature's way of giving something previously construc- 

 ted, and conserved, to some other constructive agency. 

 It will be evident, on careful consideration, that be- 

 nevolence of this basic character must be present in all 

 kinds and phases of growth. 



For benevolence is the giving of self to some other 

 self. It always implies some previous creative, or self- 

 constructive act, the possession of the thing so created, 

 and its conveyance, or transfer, from a previous pos- 

 sessor to another agent for further constructive usage. 

 This possession of a thing implies the opportunity for 

 usage of it in self-construction. When its creator, or 

 possessor, fails to use it in self-construction, it automat- 

 ically ceases to be a part of his system, or individuality, 

 and becomes the property of some other system, it may 

 be with better opportunities for its constructive usage. 



Hence a gift is commonly valued for its durability 

 and its utility. But it is especially valued for the source 

 from which it comes, because in addition to these values 



