160 GRAND STRATEGY OF EVOLUTION 



cooperative exchange; and the inner environment is 

 constantly encroaching on the outer. It is always en- 

 larging its domains and increasing the range and power 

 of its directive influences by enlarging its altruism, by 

 merging more and more intimately and completely one 

 life with another by the better performance of mutual 

 services. 



In this way the older external environments of germ 

 units, the gifts contributory to them, and their prod- 

 ucts, successively pass over into the newer internal en- 

 vironments of a larger organism, and the external en- 

 vironment of the individual into the internal environ- 

 ment of society. 



4. Education. All these enveloping spheres of in- 

 fluence, which are the products of the life that has 

 passed, take on the role of creating and directing factors 

 in the life to be. In other words, the dynamic reaction 

 of the conditions created by the growth of life at large 

 on the life of its individual constituents assumes the 

 function of a moulding discipline that forbids and com- 

 pels; that educates, and persistently leads the individ- 

 ual life into established pathways of self-saving and 

 self-constructive action. It thereby tends to make what 

 were originally free, or voluntary actions, and the suc- 

 cessive chance discoveries and inventions in construc- 

 tive and self-saving Tightness, compulsory. 



Whenever we follow the long sequence of unerring, 

 self-constructive vital processes in any growing indi- 

 vidual, we clearly see this directive discipline at work; 

 for there the compulsion of Tightness is displayed in 

 miniature, summed up in quick development; its ac- 

 cumulated gains epitomized in lawful, creative action. 

 We see it in the rigid discipline of the cloistered em- 



