suit of these restrictions and compulsions are tangibly 

 expressed in more or less growth, or in terms of life 

 and death. They may be wholly unrecognized, or 

 manifest only in the degree of organization, or in cer- 

 tain saving instincts, habits, and customs, which are 

 automatically, or involuntarily obeyed; for to obey 

 them augments and preserves; to disobey, destroys. 

 What we call man's science, religion, and government 

 is the more or less formal recognition of this nature- 

 discipline. They are the attempts to express it in hu- 

 man terms of profit and loss. 



Hence with the growth of intelligence, self-regu- 

 lating restrictions are formulated briefly and broadly 

 to define the limits within which the human individual 

 may, or may not act without detriment to himself. 

 Within those self-imposed limitations to conduct, real 

 or imaginary, lies his freedom. 



But to fulfil its function as an instrument of social 

 evolution, using nature's methods as a guide to self- 

 construction, human intelligence must also formulate 

 constructive social mandates. 



7. Civic Discipline. Man's system of self-govern- 

 ment, as expressed in civic, or social laws, is primarily 

 broadly prohibitive, and broadly permissive; rarely ex- 

 plicitly mandatory. Out of this common legal basis, 

 two opposing tendencies periodically arise and decline 

 in varying degrees ; but on the whole, both make some 

 permanent gains, for profit is the common goal of all 

 endeavor. 



One tendency is to impose more and more specific 

 mandates on the many for the exclusive profits of a 

 few. The other, to eliminate all mandates, that in 

 more equal freedom for all there may be more equal 



