190 GRAND STRATEGY OF EVOLUTION 



II. Architectural Values as Expressed in Main Lines 

 and Collateral Lines of Evolution 



Under the term collateral evolution are included 

 all the multitudinous bypaths of creation; the groping, 

 exploring, trial-processes which arise as divergent off- 

 shoots from the main lines of evolution and lead 

 through branching and narrowing paths into the wild- 

 erness of created things. Each major offshoot repre- 

 sents the automatic working out, under the influence of 

 various external environments, of some particular in- 

 ternal condition. In the organic world it is the resolu- 

 tion of some particular plan of internal organization 

 into a suite of different kinds of plants or animals, each 

 individual being the combined result of minor varia- 

 tions in its own constituent parts and in those of its 

 environment. 



The various conditions which may arise, and be 

 expressed in organic structures, are due to two funda- 

 mentally different sets of causes, namely: (a) to the 

 internal conditions created in a definite sequence as a 

 result of growth, or the accumulation of newly formed 

 parts; and (b) to the slower, more widely diffused cos- 

 mic and social changes arising outside of the organism, 

 whose influence on organic structures is fleeting, or gen- 

 eral, and whose specific local effects may appear only 

 after a prolonged period of action. 



The march of events in the internal and external 

 domains of life takes place, therefore, under very dif- 

 ferent influences and at very different rates, and they 

 may have widely different constructive values. 



Each offshoot, or phylum, may resolve itself, in the 



