254 GRAND STRATEGY OF EVOLUTION 



i 



transmit these influences, and to distribute its commodi- 

 ties to the various parts of the body. 



These basic limitations of life, well known to the 

 biologists, but often wholly ignored by the layman, 

 are not peculiar to man alone, but to all animals, and 

 to all protoplasmic structures. 



Man's freedom of action, as a naked animal organ- 

 ism, and his profitable response to his environment, is 

 therefore strictly limited by the purely physical limi- 

 tations of his organic instruments. They limit his ex- 

 perience to those world influences which can reach 

 him through his naked senses; confine him to what- 

 ever territory he may be able to reach with his unaided 

 hands and feet; and limit his sources of power to those 

 foods his unaided digestive organs can assimilate. 



Man might multiply indefinitely and his progeny 

 gradually spread over all the habitable portions of the 

 globe, but without something more than mere increase 

 in numbers the individual man would remain prac- 

 tically as before. He could not greatly increase his 

 native powers without increasing the physical power of 

 his organic instruments, and without the aid of his fel- 

 low-man; it was in these cultural increments to the 

 power of his vital organs, and in the mutual aid and 

 cooperative fellowship of unarmed, ape-like men that 

 human society had its origin. 



II. The Distinctive Organs of Social Life; Manual, 



Visual, Vocal, Auditory, and Mental, and 



Their Cooperative Unification 



Man's peculiar fitness for social life was already 

 established by (i) a considerable measure of intelli- 



