demands are fulfilled; it stops when they are not ful- 

 filled. 



In human society, therefore, an essential condition 

 for social evolution, or growth, is a progressive diver- 

 sity in the mental and physical qualities of human in- 

 dividuals, no matter how it is created, whether by so- 

 cial position, environment, education, or by heredity; 

 and the opportunity, or freedom, to exercise the di- 

 rective influence of those qualities on other individ- 

 uals. 



In physical and organic things, the directive powers 

 of the elemental parts and organs, or of the whole sys- 

 tem created by them, we call physical attributes, or 

 functions. They are relatively fixed, or stable, quan- 

 tities dependent on the chemical and physical laws 

 which regulate their being. The mutual give and take 

 of these individual qualities and quantities is what, in 

 the broadest sense, we call cooperation. 



In the intelligent human individual, acting as a liv- 

 ing social unit, this cooperative quality is not fixed, or 

 constant in quantity. It fluctuates widely and rap- 

 idly; or, as we say, it is "voluntary," changing with 

 experience, and as intelligence, in self interests, may 

 demand. Broadly speaking, its constancy can be pre- 

 served only so long as the intelligence of the individ- 

 ual, rightly or wrongly, wisely or foolishly, dictates 

 that it is self-saving, or profitable, so to act. 



These impalpable forces of the will as impalpa- 

 ble as those which hold atoms and molecules in coop- 

 eration together, but unlike them acting far and wide 

 across time and space give to social life its sole co- 

 hesive power. On this labile basis, the cooperative 

 mental metabolism of social life is founded. 



