THE NEW LEVIATHAN 403 



see, and feel, and understand, and all work joyfully 

 together in its accomplishment. 



Labor and capital, art and science, must be frankly 

 recognized as social increments, and as social proper- 

 ties. They are the social organs which create and pre- 

 serve the body social. They are to society as reserve 

 fats to the human body; as muscles and nerves, eyes and 

 ears, skeleton and gland, skill and intelligence; all of 

 which are both producers and products, the common 

 profits of bodily experience and bodily labor, held in 

 trust by man for present and future uses. Each belongs 

 to each and all to one. No one can survive without the 

 other. Each must receive its rights from the others, and 

 must fulfil its obligations to the others, or cease to exist. 

 That is the categorical imperative of social evolution. 



Science and religion, the elder brothers of social 

 life, must draw closer together in cooperative social 

 action; science absorbing the more hopeful and spir- 

 itual qualities of religion, and religion the more pro- 

 gressive and frankly intellectual qualities of science. 

 Every phase of man's education must emphasize the 

 creative law of cooperative egoism and altruism, or the 

 universal obligation to self-aggrandizement for the pur- 

 pose of self-giving. This elemental creative law is the 

 fundamental lesson of social life. Unless it is well 

 learned, forming a basic part of man's personal char- 

 acter and of his social institutions, his intelligence will 

 be devoid of its most essential human quality, his learn- 

 ing vain, and his social life a failure. 



IX. The State as a System of Cooperative Functions 



We have shown that the state is an organic being, 

 territorially localized, and subject to the same basic 



