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APPENDIX 



common people, and their enduring germinal possessions for self-constructive 

 purposes. 



In this accelerated social growth, the base line for the orientation of 

 human conduct, and for the measurement of right and wrong, good and 

 evil, was the bible, the classics, and the divine right of civic and religious 

 leadership. The power and stability of these external directive agencies 

 was universally acknowledged, the source of their authority unquestioned, 

 and like radiant beams, their tropic influence was formally expressed in 

 the prevailing architectonics of social procedure. 



We are now witnessing, incident to a new birth of social vision, a new 

 social convulsion, much more significant than that of the middle ages, in 

 which science, and especially biological science, unconsciously played, and 

 is still playing, a very important part. For when we recognized a new 

 source of authority in lawful nature-action and in evolution, the old base 

 line for the measurements of human conduct vanished, and many of the 

 old bonds of social allegiance were destroyed; and now -we are asked: 

 What shall be the new compulsion to constructive social action, and on 

 what authority can we stay the march of anarchy? 



And you, as biologists and American men of science, may not shirk the 

 grave responsibilities of social leadership now thrust upon you, for it re- 

 quires little gift of prophecy to foresee that America is destined quickly to 

 become the world's chief center of biological learning, as she is to-day the 

 center of the broadest sympathy with human life and nature. 



Perhaps it may clarify our vision if we first ask, not what biology is, 

 but what science, as a whole, does, and what she tries to do. It will little 

 help us to enumerate all the sciences, or be told there is "pure" science and 

 applied science; science experimental, and descriptive. Behind and beyond 

 all these varied aspects of science there must be common motives, and com- 

 mon purposes in the scientists, if we are rightly to include them as in- 

 telligent beings in the same class. 



Let us therefore precipitate and remove these adjective purities and 

 impurities, and you will then agree with me, I believe, that there still 

 remain in science several over-lapping functions and purposes. First to 

 explore and to chronicle. To that end, she aims to discover what things 

 are contained in nature, where they are, what they do, what the order is, 

 step by step, of their coming in, their growing up, their going out. And 

 then to memorize, to conserve her mental possessions, to register, in con- 

 venient and enduring symbols the result of her explorations, for future 

 usage. Second, to compare and explain. To that end, she aims to discover 

 why things are as they are, in what respects they differ, in what they agree, 

 how one thing influences another, constructively, or destructively, and to 

 distinguish the right ways of doing things from wrong ways. Her third 

 function is to do things rightly. In that respect, she is artistic, architectural. 

 To that end, by conforming her ways of doing things to nature's ways, 

 she aims to create, and to conserve, and to use her records and her knowl- 

 edge of right and wrong profitably. 



Thus three qualifying motives pervade science: the acquisitive, the 

 ethical and the moral. She seeks knowledge through experience, wisdom 

 through understanding, and profit through obedience. One purpose is self- 

 constructive, or egotistic, the other, self-giving, or altruistic. Both are co- 

 operative functions; in action, continuous; in Tightness, cumulative; in 

 effect, creative. 



The renaissance of to-day has its chief creative impulsive in the con- 

 sciousness of evolution. This revelation of modern science, which we all 

 acknowledge as our guiding star, has come to mean world-growth, or the 

 progressive organization and architectural upbuilding of nature. Nature 



