The Scientific Classification of Bears 49 



Taking up these groups in order we find that: 



1. The Polar or Ice Bear, Thalarctos Maritimus Linn., 

 inhabits the Arctic shores and the islands of both conti- 

 nents, and has not been subdivided. 



2. The Black Bears may be separated into at least 

 four species, having, respectively, more or less circum- 

 scribed geographic ranges: 



(a) The Common Black Bear, Ursus Americanus 

 Pallas. 



(U) The Louisiana Bear, Ursus Luteolus Griffith. 



(c) The Florida Bear, Ursus Floridanus Merriam. 



(d) The St. Elias Bear, Ursus Emmonsi Dall. 



Some of these may be found to intergrade, and Ursus 

 Americanus may be still further split into subspecies. 



3. The Grizzly Bears (including the Barren Ground 

 Bear) may be separated into four more or less well- 

 marked forms, as follows: 



(a) The True Grizzly, Ursus Horribilis Ord, from 

 the northern Rocky Mountains. 



(b) The Sonora Grizzly, Ursus Horribilis Horriaus 

 Baird, probably only a subspecies. 



(c) The Norton Sound, Alaska, Grizzly, probably 

 another subspecies. 



(d) The very distinct Barren Ground Bear, Ursus 

 Richardsoni Mayne Reid. 



Whether or not the large grizzly from Southern Cali- 

 fornia deserves subspecific separation from the Sonora 

 animal (H or rice us), has not been determined. 



4. In the fourth group, the large brown bear of Sitka 

 and the neighboring islands (and perhaps the adjacent 

 mainland also), Ursus Sitkensis Merriam, and the large 



