KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAND BIRDS 



111 



O3'. Hind claw shorter than its toe and curved ; bill 

 flat, wider than high, slightly hooked at tip. 

 Tyrannidae : Flycatchers, p. 245. 

 Fig. 152. 

 2'. Back of tarsus sharp-edged. 



3. Primaries apparently only 9, the first being 

 only a rudiment ; bill not notched at tip. 



Fig. 153. 



Fig. 163. Fig . 164 . 



4. Outer primary twice as long as innermost. 

 Hirundinidee : Swallows, p. 382. 



4'. Outer primary not twice as long as inner- 

 most. 

 5. Bill slender and thin at base. 



6. Hind claw as long as or longer than 

 its toe . . . . Motacillidae : 

 Wagtails and Pipits, p. 431. 



6'. Hind claw shorter than its toe. 



Mniotiltidae : 

 Wood Warblers, p. 401. 



Fig. 157. 



5. Bill short and thick or long and thick 



at base. 



6. Bill notched at tip and with bristles 

 at gape. 



7 Nostril concealed or overhung, 



or else cutting edge of lower 



mandible forming a distinct 



angle . . . Fringillidae : 



Finches, Sparrows, 



etc., p. 303. 



7'. Nostril exposed, cutting edges of 

 lower mandible without dis- 

 tinct angle ; males with more or 

 less red, females greenish and 

 yellowish . . Tan a grid as : 

 Tanagers), p. 379. 



6 . Bill without notch at tip and with- 

 out bristles at base. 

 7. Bill wider than high at base; 

 plumage greenish, speckled. 



Sturnidae : 

 Starlings, p. 285. 



