112 



KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAND BIRDS 



Fig. 167. 



7'. Bill not wider than high at 



base ; plumage largely black 



or yellow . . . Icteridae : 



Blackbirds, Orioles, 



etc., p. 285. 



Tig. 166. 



3'. Primaries obviously 10 or else notched at tip. 



4. First primary more than half 

 as long as second. 



Fig. 168. 



5. Bill hooked at tip . 



. . Laniidae : 

 Shrikes, p. 391. 



Fig. 169. 



p. 452. 



5'. Bill not hooked at tip. 



6. Nasal feathers erect or inclined back- 

 ward (except Genus Oroscoptes, in 

 Fig. 170. which the first primary is not half as 

 long as second) . Troglodytidae : 

 Wrens, Thrashers, Mocking- 

 birds, and Catbirds, p. 433. 

 6'. Nasal feathers pointing forward over 

 bill. 



7. Large ; wing more than 4. 

 -~^___ ~^|^5u Corvidae : Crows, Jays, 



Magpies, etc., p. 269. 



Fig. 171. 



"TT^ 7'. Small, wing less than 2. Paridae : 

 Nuthatches and Tits (Genus 



Chamcea : Wren-tits), 

 Fig. 172. 



4'. First primary not 

 more than half _ 

 as long as sec- 

 ond. 



5. Tarsus not divided into 

 plates except near 



toe8 ' Fig. 174. 



6. Tail abnormally short ; plumage slate 

 gray. Cinclidae : Dippers, p. 432. 

 6'. Tail normally long ; plumage green 



or brown. 



7. Small, wing less than 2.50; plum- 

 age greenish, Sylviidae : King- 

 lets, Gnatcatchers, etc. 

 ( Genus Regulus : Kinglets) , p. 463. 

 T. Large : wing more than 3 ; plum- 

 age brown or grayish. 

 Turdidae : Thrushes, p. 467. 



Fig. 173. 



