WOOD WARBLERS 425 



and winter : like summer male, but feathers of crown and hind neck tipped 



with brown and light edges of feathers on 



throat and chest broader, sometimes almost 



concealing black centers. Adult female in 



fall and winter : like summer female, but 



plumage softer, and sides of throat and chest 



more grayish. Young female injirst autumn: 



like fall adult female, but crown and hind 



neck like back instead of gray, throat and 



chest yellowish instead of grayish ; marks on 



eyelids yellowish, and streak over lores pale 



yellow. Male: length (skins) 4.67-5.44, 



wing 2.34-2.56, tail 2.08-2.48, bill .43-.46. 



Female : length (skins) 4.63-5.04, wing 2. 15- 



2.36, tail 1.91-2.28. bill .42-.4S. Flg ' ^ Macgilhvray Warbler. 



Distribution. Breeds in British Columbia and western United States, 

 from the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast 

 ranges ; winters in Lower California and Mexico, and from Central Amer- 

 ica to Colombia. 



Nest. Near ground in clumps of weeds or bushes, often in open places 

 in mountains, made of dried grasses lined with finer grass, and sometimes 

 horsehair. Eggs : 3, white or buffy, speckled on larger end with dark 

 brown and lilac gray, with a few pen lines and rusty stains. 



The Macgillivray warbler is one of the commonest of western war- 

 blers, frequenting chaparral and underbrush especially near water, 

 from the lower levels to the high mountains, and the appearance of 

 a little gray head peering out shyly from the bushes becomes a pleas- 

 antly familiar mountain sight. 



681 a. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewst. WESTERN 



YELLOW-THROAT. 1 



Adult male. Forehead and sides of head black, bordered above with 

 white, sometimes tinged with yellow ; rest of upper parts plain olive 

 green ; under parts deep yellow. In win- 

 ter, washed with brown. Adult female : 

 without black, ashy, or white ; upper parts 

 olive brown, often tinged with reddish 

 brown on crown, greenish on tail ; under 

 parts pale yellowish or yellowish white. 

 Young male in first winter : like adult, but 

 black mask less distinct. Male : length 

 (skins) 4.53-5.00, wing 2.17-2.36, tail 2.01- 

 2.22, bill .43-.47. Female : length (skins) 

 4.33-4.76, wing 2.05-2.15, tail 1.93-2.09, 

 bill .41-.43. Fig. 536. 



1 Geothlypis trichas scirpicola Grinnell. TULE YELLOW-THBOAT. 



Like occidentalis^ but brighter colored and larger, with longer tail. 



Distribution. Resident in fresh water tule beds along coast of southern California. 

 (The Condor, Hi. 65.) 



Geothlypis trichas sinuosa Grinnell. SALT MARSH YELLOW-THROAT. 



Like occidentalis, but smaller, and back and sides darker. 



Distribution. Resident about salt marshes of San Francisco Bay and vicinity. ( The 

 Condor, iii. 65.) 



