HEMIBASIDII. 



Ill 



In Tilletia, Entyloma, Neovossia, Tuburcinia, the brand-spores germinate 

 and form basidia-like conidiophores with spindle-shaped conidia ; their my- 



FIG. 98,Tubttrcinia. 1. T. trientalie. Hyphse, some of which bear conidia at the apex, 

 forcing themselves out between the epidermal cells on the under side of the leaf; 320 times 

 natural size. 2. T. trientalis. A ball of spores in which some of the individual brand- 

 spores are about to germinate ; 520 times natural size. 3. T. primulicola : various forms 

 of conidia (500 times natural size). 



celium, on the other hand, produces later only single, sickle-shaped conidia, so 

 that two kinds of conidia are found, as in a few Basidiomycetes. In some 

 species, e.g. Ustilago hordei, the 

 brand-spores only germinate 

 vegetatively and form a myce- 

 lium. In nutritive solutions (so- 

 lutions of dung, etc.) where they 

 live as saprophytes, the brand- 

 spores of many species emit 

 germ-tubes, and on these, yeast- 

 like conidia are produced by 

 repeated budding, which grow 

 into mycelia only when the 

 nutritive solution is exhausted. 

 These conidia have not the 

 power of producing alcoholic 

 fermentation . The very numer- 

 ous conidia, which are found 

 in the dung of herbivorous ani- 

 mals, are probably the yeast- 

 conidia of Brand-Fungi. The 

 brand-spores, which are eaten 

 by animals with the grain and 

 hay, pass into the dung and 

 without doubt give rise to a 

 very rich multiplication of 

 yeast-conidia. 



The conidia (also called 

 w. R. 



FIG. 99. Ustnago. 1. Formation of brand- 

 spores. 2. Germinating brand-spore of U. peren- 

 nans. 3. Germinating brand-spore of U. cardui 

 (after Brefeld). 4. U. filiformis. a A brand-spore 

 with developed basidium ; b another, with a coni- 

 dium; c with two conidia; d with two conidia 

 placed diametrically opposite to each other ; e, de- 

 tached conidia which are growing into hyphse. 



I 



