132 



D1SCOMYCETES. 



Family 4. Hysteriales. 



This family, like the following, has hemiangiocarpic ascocarps 

 (apothecia). These are closed in the early stages, but when ripe 

 open in a valvular manner by a longitudinal fissure ; they are black, 

 oblong, and often twisted. Some species are parasites, especially 

 upon the Coniferae. 



Order 1. Hysteriaceae. Hysterium pulicare upon the ruptured bark cf 

 many trees. 



Order 2. Hypodermaceae. The species of Lophodermium live upon tie 

 leaves of Conifers, and are the cause of their falling off (blight). L. pinastri 



FIG. 124. Three leaves of 

 the Red-pine with Lopho- 

 dermium macrosporuin : a 

 under side of the leaves with 

 apothecia ; b a leaf from 

 upper side with pycnidia. 

 (x about 2.) 



a b 



FIG. 125. Lophodermium 

 pinastri: a leaves of Pinus 

 sylvestris with apothecia 

 (nat. size); b two parapLyses 

 and an ascus with filamen- 

 tous spores. 



FIG. 123. Lophodermium 

 (Hypodermd) nerviscquium : 

 a two leaves of Abies aZba 

 seen from above with pyc- 

 nidia; b a leaf seen from 

 the underside with apothe- 

 cia; c an ascus with asco- 

 spores. (x 500.) 



(Fig. 125), on the leaves of Pinus and Picea ; the leaves become red-brown 

 and fall off ; at first conidiocarps are formed, and later apotbecia ; L. nervise- 

 quium (Fig. 123), on Abies alba; L. rnacrosporum (Fig. 124), on Picea exceha,\ 

 L. bnichysporum, on Pinus strobus. 



Order 3. Dichaenaceae. 



Order 4. Acrospermaceae. 



Family 5. Discomycetes. 



The ascocarps (apotJiecia) are at first closed, and only open at 

 the time of their ripening, not valvularly, but more or less- 



