ASCOLICHENES. 



141 



constructed ascospores (Fig. 137), which are enclosed in asci 

 (Fig. 136), usually surrounded by paraphyses attached together. 

 They also possess spermogonia (Fig. 141) containing numerous 

 spermatia. These are by some considered as pycnidia and micro- 

 conidia, Moller having shown that the microconidia under certain 

 conditions are able to germinate and produce a mycelium with 

 new conidia, just as in other Ascomycetes. This, however, does 

 not disprove the sexual nature of these spores. 



[The development of the ascocarps (apothecia) from carpogonia, 

 as in the Floridese, which was first shown by Stahl, has lately 

 been more fully established. Collema may be taken as a type of 



FIG. 140A. Collema crispum: A 

 Carpogonium (c) with trichogyne 

 (t) (x 405); J5 apex of the tri- 

 chogyne with spermatium (s) 

 affixed ( x 1125). (After E. Baur.) 



the origin of these structures in the Lichens. The carpogonium 

 is a multicellular filament terminating in a trichogyne which 

 projects slightly above the surface of the thallus, while the lower 

 part is spirally coiled and embedded in the tissue (Figs. 132 



