BASIDIOMYCBTES. 



151 



teleutospores are small ; they contain paraphyses, and are for a long time 

 covered by the epidermis. P. coronata, on Oats and Eye Grass; its secidia on 

 Rhamnus ; the teleutospores are surmounted by a crown " coronate processes." 

 P. phragmitis, on Reeds ; aecidia on species of Rumex and Rheum. P. molinice, 

 on Molinia ccerulea ; the aecidia on 

 Orchids. P. poanim, on Meadow- 

 <3rass ; aecidia on Tussilago. Various 

 Puccinias growing on species of Cares 

 have their ascidia on Urtica, Lysi- 

 machia, Cirsinm, Pedicularis, etc. 

 Of those AUTOZCIOUS species, which 

 have all their generations on the 

 same host, may be noted : P. galii, 

 P. menthce, P. violce, P. epilobii, P. 

 axparagi, which grow on the hosts 

 from which they have taken their 

 spe-ific names. As representative ' 



of a group which have spermogonia, FIG. 148. Gymnospo rang ium sabiua. A 

 uredo-andteleuto-sporesonthesame small portion of the epidermis of a Pear- 

 host, but on different individuals, P. leaf (fl) pierced afc b b ^ the germinating 



basidiospore (ci. 

 waveolen*, on the Field-Thistle, 



may be mentioned. The spermogonia have a strong odour. A peculiar group 

 (Leptopuccinia) has only teleutospores, which germinate immediately, and 

 whilst still attached to their living host. To this group belong P. arenarice, 

 on a number of Caryophyllaceae ; and P. malvacearum, on various Malvaceae, 

 introduced in 1873 from South America to Europe, where it soon proved very 

 destructive to Hollyhocks. 



Uromyces (Fig. 149) differs only from Puccinia in always having unicellular 

 teleutospores. Among this genus both heteroecious and autcecious species are 

 found. To the first group belong U. pisi, whose ascidia are found on Euphorbia 

 cyparissias, and U. dactylidis, whose ascidia appear on Ranunculus; to the 

 second group belong U. beta, U. pliaseoli, U. trifolii. 



Triphragtnium has teleutospores with three cells (one below and two above), 

 on Spiraea ulinaria. 



Phragniidium (Fig. 150) has teleutospores consisting of a row of cells (3-10) 

 arranged in a straight line ; the upper cell has one 

 germ-pore and the others four germ-pores placed 

 equatorially. Both this and the preceding genus 

 have large, irregular ascidia without peridia, but often 

 with bent, club-like paraphyses (150 b and c) ; they 

 -are all autcecious. and are only found on the Eosacese. 



Endophyllinn (see above, under teleutospores, p. 

 147) on species of Sempervivum. 



Gymnosporangium (Figs. 152, 154) has bicellular 

 teleuto&pores collected in large, gelatinous masses 

 formed by the swelling of the long spore-stalks ; in each cell 2-4 germ-pores are 

 found. Uredospores are wanting. All the species are heteroecious ; the teleuto- 

 spores appear on Juniperus, the aacidia (Roestelia) on the Pomaceae. G. sabin<z, 



FIG. 149. Uromyces 

 genistce ; a uredospore ; ?> 

 teleutospore. 



