MUSCINEJi. 197 



Order 6. Grimmiaceae. The leaf-cells are often papillose ; in the upper 

 portion of the leaf, small, and of roundish shape. The calyptra is most 

 frequently hood-like or conical. Eucalypta. Orthotrichum, often with short- 

 stalked capsule, is found on trees. Coscinodon.Hedwigia. Grimmia, Racond- 

 trium. Cinclidotus. 



Order 7. Schistostegacese. The stems are of two kinds (see above) ; 

 Schistostega osmundacea, in caves, has a bright emerald protonema. 



Order 8. Splachnaceae. The capsule has a large, collar-like neck (see 

 above). Splachnum (especially on manure). 



Order 9. Funariaceae. Capsule pear-shaped. Funaria (F. hygrometrica has 

 a very hygroscopic seta, becoming twisted when dry, and straightening with 

 moisture) ; Physcomiirium ; Discelium. 



Order 10. Bryaceae. The capsule is thicker towards the apex ; most 

 frequently pendulous. Philonotis, Bartramia. Aulacomnium. Paludella, 

 Mecsea. Mnium. Bnjum, Webera, Leptobryum. 



Order 11. Polytrichaceae. Single peristome, formed by 16, 32, or 64 teeth. 

 Leaves with longitudinal lamellae on upper surface. Polytriclium has long, 

 hairy calyptra. Catharinea (C. undulata, in forests). 



Order 12. Georgiaceae. Peristome with 4 teeth (see above). Tetraphis 

 (T. pellucida has gemmae 1. 



Order 13. Buxbaumiaceae. Capsule asymmetrical ; double peristome : 

 the interior one conical, with 16 or 32 longitudinal folds. Buxbaumia (B. 

 aphylla) ; Diphyscium. 



B. Pleurocarpi. 



Order 14. Fontinalaceae. Long, floating Water-Mosses. Fontinalis (F. 

 antipyretica is found in streams). Dichelyma. 



Order 15. Hookeriaceae. Pterygophyllum. 



Order 16. Leskeaceae. Dull-looking Mosses, with papillose or warted 

 leaves. Thuidium, Thuja-like with regularly arranged 1-3 doubly pinnate 

 stems ; Anomodon, Leskea. 



Order 17. Pterogoniaceae. Pterigynandrum filiforme, etc. 



Order 18. Fabroniaceae. Anacamptodon. 



Order 19. Neckeraceae. Steins most frequently with flat, leafy branches. 

 The leaves are smooth, never with longitudinal folds. Neckera. 



Order 20. Hypnaceae. The leaves are smooth with square, often bladder- 

 like, cells at the edge. Hylocomium (H. splendens, H. triquetrum) ; Hypnum ; 

 Brachythecium ; Plagiothecium. Eurhynchium. Homalothecium, Isothecium, 

 Orthothecium, Homalia. Climacium, Lescurcea, Leucodon. 



The Mosses occur all over the globe. Many are found in great numbers, and 

 growing thickly massed together, they form an important feature in landscapes 

 (for example Sphagnum and Polytrichum in the Arctic Tundra). In the Northern 

 and Arctic regions the Mosses are very plentiful, and often form a considerable 

 part of the vegetation, while in the Tropics they are insignificant. 



Species of Hypnum and Polytrichum, like Sphagnum, play an important part 

 in the formation of peat. 



