236 



CRYPTOGAMS AND PHANEROGAMS. 



completely furnished has calyx, corolla, stamens, and carpels ar- 

 ranged in this order. If the only sporophylls present are stamens, 

 then it is said to be a male (staminate) flower, and if only carpels, 

 then SL female (pistillate) flower, and in both these cases the flowers 

 are unisexual, or diclinous. If stamens and carpels are both present 

 in the same flower, it is termed hermaphrodite. Diclinous plants 

 in which the female flowers are situated on one plant, and the 

 male flowers on another, are termed dioecious ; and those in which 

 the same plant bears the two kinds of flowers are termed monce- 

 vious. When the male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers are 

 found in the same species, the plant is said to be polygamous. 



The sporangia-bearing leaves Sporophylls. In the 

 Mosses the asexual generation is only represented by the sporo- 



gonium, and if the theory is 

 correct which considers the 

 sporogonium to be an em- 

 bryo consisting of a rudi- 

 mentary stem and terminal 

 leaf, then the spores are pro- 

 duced on the leaves in these 

 plants. The sporangia in 

 the Filicinae are situated in 

 groups (sori) on the back or 

 on the edge of the leaves. 

 The number of sporangia in 

 the sorus diminishes very 

 greatly in the Marattiacere 

 and Gleicheniaceas (three to 

 four in the latter, Fig. 213). 

 In the Equisetina? the spor- 

 angia are situated in a small 

 number on the under-side of 

 shield-like leaves, and in 

 Lycopodinae, singly, in the 

 axils of the fertile leaves, which are alike and bear either micro- 

 or macro-sporangia. In the Phanerogams there is a great differ- 

 ence between the stamens and carpels. 



Stamens. In the lowest Phanerogams (Cycadeoi) there are 

 many indications of relationship to the Ferns. The stamens are 

 flat and broad, and have on the back -many pollen-sacs (micro- 

 sporangia) arranged in small groups (true sori), which even have 



FIG. 241. C'j/cas : a stamen (nat. size) scon 

 from the under side ; b four pollen-sacs, not yet 

 open, forminjr a " sorus " ; c three open pollen- 

 sacs ; d a pollen-grain. 



