CONIFERS. 265 



the " cone-scale" in the other order of Pinoideae. On the side 

 of the ovuliferous scale, turned towards the axis, are situated two- 

 ovules with micropyles directed inwards. The seeds are most 

 frequently provided with a false wing (a tissue-like part of the 

 surface of the ovuliferous scale). Cotyledons, more than 2, 

 verticillate. Fertilisation does not take place until some time after 

 pollination. In Pinus, for instance, the pollen-tube only penetrates 

 the nucellus for a short distance during the year of pollination, and 

 then ceases its further growth, fertilisation not taking place until 

 after the middle of the next year; whilst the seeds ripen about a 





Fie. 2GS. A AUcs: c the cover-scale ; s ovnliferous scale, or "cone-scale"; sk ovules in 

 a young condition. B Pinus : ovuliferous scale with two ovules (s) ; m the two-lobed 

 micropyle; c " mucro " ; b the cover-scale behind. C Abies : ripe " coue-scale " with two 

 seeds (su) ; / wing of seed. 



yenr and a half after pollination. In the Larch and others, the 

 seeds are mature in the autumn succeeding pollination. 



Abies (Fir). The leaves are often (e.g. Ab. pectiriata) displaced 

 into 2 rows, flat and indented at the apex, with 2 white (wax- 

 covered) lines on the under surface, in which the stomata are situ- 

 ated. The leaf-scars are nearly circular and do not project. The 

 cones are erect. The cover-scales and the ovuliferous scales separate 

 from the axis, to which they remain attached in other genera. 

 Tsuga has leaves like Abies, but by the slightly projecting leaf-scars, and cones 

 with persistent scales, it forms the transition to Picea. PseucLotsuga has leaves 

 similar to those of Abies and persistent carpels as in Picea, but the cover-scales 

 grow as in Abies and project beyond the ovuliferous scales (P. doitglasii, Fig. 

 267). These two genera are considered as sub-genera of Abies. Picea. The 

 leaves project on all sides, square and pointed ; the leaf-scars are 



