288 



SIOXOCOTYLEDONES. 



succeeding floral-leaves, each of which supports one flower as its 

 bract, are called the outer pales (nl) ; these sometimes each bear an 

 " awn " (a bristle-like body which projects in the median line either 

 from the apex or the back) ; sometimes the upper ones are barren. 

 Each flower has a bracteole, which is placed on the inside opposite 

 the main axis ; it is thin, binerved or two-keeled, and never has an 

 awn; it is known as the inner pale (01). Immediately succeeding 

 the bracteole are : () some small, delicate scales (lodicules, Figs. 

 287 D, 288 C, 290 L) ; (6) three stamens with anthers versatile, 

 so as to be easily moved, and usually notched at each end (Fig. 



287 C) ; and (c) a simple gynceceum formed of one carpel with two 

 styles having generally spirally -branched stigmas (Figs. 287 D, 



288 0). The ovary is unilocular, and contains one ascending or 

 pendulous, anatropous ovule. Fruit a nut, whose seed is always 



firmly united with the thin pericarp ("caryopsis "). The embryo is 



FIG. 287. TrUicum: A axis (rachis) uf ear showing the notches where the spikelets 

 wtre inserted; Ban entire spikelet; Ca flower with the pales; Da flower without the 

 pales, showing the lodicules at the base ; E glume ; F outer pale ; G inner pale ; H fruit; 

 J longitudinal section of fruit. 



larger than in the Cyperacere and is placed at the base of the seed, 

 but on the outer convex surface of the pericarp (Figs. 287 I, 288 



